{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409723396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3562071","title":"Novel Computational Photography for Soft-Focus Effect in Automatic Post Production","display_name":"Novel Computational Photography for Soft-Focus Effect in Automatic Post Production","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409723396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3562071","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3562071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3562071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104285302","display_name":"Hao-Yu Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1712-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Yu Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1712-8862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007353564","display_name":"Morris C.-H. Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0611-8687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morris C.-H. Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0611-8687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012720554","display_name":"Scott C.-H. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-1325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott C.-H. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-1325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040614086","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Chun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Chun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-1246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10729577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"2560","last_page":"2574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.8361999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.8361999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-photography","display_name":"Computational photography","score":0.7386020421981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photography","display_name":"Photography","score":0.6630730628967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6426464915275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6160314083099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5598059296607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5170426964759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4815443158149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4692801237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.42311790585517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25871703028678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12911465764045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.11286666989326477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146044194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157334","display_name":"Computational photography","level":4,"score":0.7386020421981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119657128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633","display_name":"Photography","level":2,"score":0.6630730628967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6426464915275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6160314083099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5598059296607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5170426964759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4815443158149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4692801237106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.42311790585517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25871703028678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12911465764045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.11286666989326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3562071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3562071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40266857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40266857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1539968237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2335150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5096336745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2221-E-007-098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684736415","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Novel Robust Continuous Time-Efficient Biometric Profiling and Authentication Using Multispectral Photoplethysmography","funder_award_id":"2335150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598281290","https://openalex.org/W2014893164","https://openalex.org/W2020335206","https://openalex.org/W2051434435","https://openalex.org/W2079373141","https://openalex.org/W2088909704","https://openalex.org/W2096099694","https://openalex.org/W2107138380","https://openalex.org/W2135031801","https://openalex.org/W2162279136","https://openalex.org/W2170608748","https://openalex.org/W2603172850","https://openalex.org/W2961343177","https://openalex.org/W3008314086","https://openalex.org/W3040184427","https://openalex.org/W3089001403","https://openalex.org/W3112576346","https://openalex.org/W4205172069","https://openalex.org/W4205498520","https://openalex.org/W4236229596","https://openalex.org/W4323345808","https://openalex.org/W4386071458","https://openalex.org/W4387448091","https://openalex.org/W4392903884","https://openalex.org/W4392930627","https://openalex.org/W4394585840","https://openalex.org/W4399665800","https://openalex.org/W4399881156","https://openalex.org/W4402775387","https://openalex.org/W6803376173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361248577","https://openalex.org/W3010334531","https://openalex.org/W2804670141","https://openalex.org/W2994735104","https://openalex.org/W2027349390","https://openalex.org/W1983639621","https://openalex.org/W2188751381","https://openalex.org/W2512927390","https://openalex.org/W1988828630","https://openalex.org/W1997064583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"well-known":[1],"soft-focus":[2,31,75,134,175,200],"effect,":[3,201],"which":[4],"relies":[5],"on":[6],"either":[7],"special":[8],"optical":[9,89,214,259],"filters":[10],"or":[11],"manual":[12],"post-production":[13],"techniques,":[14],"has":[15,41],"been":[16,43],"intriguing":[17],"and":[18,97,189,211,227,245],"powerful":[19],"in":[20,45,145,216],"photography":[21],"for":[22,199],"quite":[23],"a":[24,127,139,155],"while.":[25],"Nonetheless,":[26],"how":[27],"to":[28,48,60,65,71,85,125],"impose":[29],"the":[30,46,49,62,73,87,99,104,133,150,161,174,181,185,190,204,212,219,228,250,254,257],"effect":[32,135,176],"automatically":[33],"simply":[34],"using":[35,109,138],"sophisticated":[36],"image-processing":[37],"(computational":[38],"photography)":[39],"algorithms":[40],"never":[42],"addressed":[44],"literature":[47],"best":[50],"of":[51,218,223],"our":[52,110,195,207,236],"knowledge.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"work,":[56],"we":[57,118,153,202],"would":[58],"like":[59],"make":[61],"first-ever":[63],"attempt":[64],"design":[66],"an":[67],"automatic,":[68],"optical-filter-free":[69],"approach":[70,82],"create":[72],"appropriate":[74],"effects":[76],"desired":[77],"by":[78,136],"individual":[79],"users.":[80],"Our":[81],"is":[83,122],"first":[84],"investigate":[86],"physical":[88,213,258],"filter,":[90],"namely":[91,253],"Kenko":[92],"Black":[93],"Mist":[94],"No.":[95],"5,":[96],"estimate":[98],"corresponding":[100],"kernel":[101,128],"matrix":[102,129],"(i.e.,":[103],"system":[105],"impulse":[106],"response":[107],"matrix)":[108],"proposed":[111,196,208,237],"novel":[112,156],"irradiance-domain":[113,163,187],"kernel-matrix":[114],"estimation":[115],"framework.":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"demonstrate":[119],"that":[120,130,160,235],"it":[121],"not":[123],"feasible":[124],"find":[126],"precisely":[131],"characterizes":[132],"just":[137],"pixel-value-domain":[140,171],"image":[141,164,188],"(a":[142],"regular":[143],"photo)":[144],"post":[146],"production.":[147],"To":[148,193],"combat":[149],"aforementioned":[151],"problem,":[152],"establish":[154],"pixel-value-to-pseudo-irradiance":[157],"map":[158],"such":[159],"pseudo":[162,186],"can":[165,177,240],"be":[166,178],"obtained":[167],"directly":[168],"from":[169,180,206,256],"any":[170],"image.":[172],"Finally":[173],"created":[179],"two-dimensional":[182],"convolution":[183],"between":[184],"estimated":[191],"kernel.":[192],"evaluate":[194],"automatic":[197],"scheme":[198,210,239],"compare":[203],"results":[205,255],"new":[209,238],"filter":[215],"terms":[217],"DCT-KLD":[220],"(Kullback-Leibler":[221],"divergence":[222],"discrete":[224],"cosine":[225],"transform)":[226],"conventional":[229],"PSNR":[230],"(peak-signal-to-noise":[231],"ratio).":[232],"Experiments":[233],"show":[234],"achieve":[241],"very":[242,246],"small":[243],"DCT-KLDs":[244],"large":[247],"PSNRs":[248],"over":[249],"ground":[251],"truth,":[252],"filter.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
