{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408246471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546481","title":"Global Cross-Entropy Loss for Deep Face Recognition","display_name":"Global Cross-Entropy Loss for Deep Face Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408246471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546481","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40042956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3546481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014417853","display_name":"Weisong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-8590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weisong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632822","display_name":"Xiangyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-9677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014178940","display_name":"Haichao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-1853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haichao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419434","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-6058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082301986","display_name":"Guoying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-206X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109299788","display_name":"Zhen Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014417853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94380565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"1672","last_page":"1685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.8863393068313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7304637432098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.709181010723114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7038841247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.6891129612922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-entropy","display_name":"Sample entropy","score":0.6249859929084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5198802947998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.4652121365070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4404798448085785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40302225947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.33344873785972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08362749218940735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.8863393068313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7304637432098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.709181010723114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7038841247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.6891129612922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66696666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105612","display_name":"Sample entropy","level":3,"score":0.6249859929084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5198802947998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.4652121365070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4404798448085785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40302225947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.33344873785972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08362749218940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086762","descriptor_name":"Automated Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086762","descriptor_name":"Automated Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086762","descriptor_name":"Automated Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086762","descriptor_name":"Automated Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3546481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40042956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40042956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1446199886","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1885709715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G207383538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G572794571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y2021131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7192327807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z231100005923033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335843","funder_display_name":"Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8504642471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335843","display_name":"Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975056068","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2404498690","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2609575245","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2736633948","https://openalex.org/W2737608545","https://openalex.org/W2781292787","https://openalex.org/W2798991696","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2885201931","https://openalex.org/W2955488837","https://openalex.org/W2961224374","https://openalex.org/W2962859295","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963671154","https://openalex.org/W2963775347","https://openalex.org/W2963814162","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2984006054","https://openalex.org/W2985380233","https://openalex.org/W2998469040","https://openalex.org/W3034302825","https://openalex.org/W3034303554","https://openalex.org/W3035014997","https://openalex.org/W3035452548","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3035693354","https://openalex.org/W3108537278","https://openalex.org/W3167584510","https://openalex.org/W3169129566","https://openalex.org/W3176307736","https://openalex.org/W3176579584","https://openalex.org/W3185537204","https://openalex.org/W3199528201","https://openalex.org/W3200115061","https://openalex.org/W4283804849","https://openalex.org/W4312402191","https://openalex.org/W4312769845","https://openalex.org/W4387415096","https://openalex.org/W4390873661","https://openalex.org/W6630649318","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6730323794","https://openalex.org/W6735013348","https://openalex.org/W6744072679","https://openalex.org/W6755966510","https://openalex.org/W6774670964","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6804322716","https://openalex.org/W6810021740","https://openalex.org/W6842019321","https://openalex.org/W6857871761","https://openalex.org/W6873588520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W3108503355","https://openalex.org/W3090555870","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3022820045","https://openalex.org/W2801655600","https://openalex.org/W3005627584","https://openalex.org/W4303493643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"deep":[1,199],"face":[2,200,213,251],"recognition":[3,280],"techniques":[4],"predominantly":[5],"utilize":[6],"the":[7,14,54,56,73,96,99,108,130,155,193,198,206,217,235,239,265],"Softmax":[8,115],"loss":[9,116,144,219,243],"function,":[10],"designed":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13,248],"similarities":[15,23],"between":[16,58,75,132,208],"sample":[17,45,60,97,231],"features":[18],"and":[19,39,61,80,92,98,134,157,161,170,188,195,210,262],"class":[20,50,63,82,100,228],"prototypes.":[21],"These":[22],"can":[24],"be":[25],"categorized":[26],"into":[27,220],"four":[28],"types:":[29],"in-sample":[30,33,69,120,124,133,150,156,164,169,186],"target":[31,37,91,121,151,172,187],"similarity,":[32,35,38,160,190],"non-target":[34,41,93,125,159,165,189],"out-sample":[36,40,87,135,158,171],"similarity.":[42,70,88,126,136,173],"When":[43],"a":[44,48,180,221],"feature":[46],"from":[47,77],"specific":[49],"is":[51,65,84],"designated":[52],"as":[53,68,86,244],"anchor,":[55],"similarity":[57,74,104,122,152,166],"this":[59,138],"any":[62,81],"prototype":[64,83,101],"referred":[66],"to":[67,107,167,178],"In":[71,137,174],"contrast,":[72],"samples":[76],"other":[78,270],"classes":[79],"known":[85],"The":[89,113],"terms":[90],"indicate":[94],"whether":[95],"used":[102],"for":[103,184],"calculation":[105],"belong":[106],"same":[109],"identity":[110],"or":[111],"not.":[112],"conventional":[114],"function":[117],"promotes":[118,147],"higher":[119],"than":[123],"However,":[127],"it":[128],"overlooks":[129],"relation":[131],"paper,":[139],"we":[140,176,215],"propose":[141,177],"Global":[142,241],"Cross-Entropy":[143,242],"(GCE),":[145],"which":[146],"1)":[148],"greater":[149],"over":[153,269],"both":[154,168,185],"2)":[162],"smaller":[163],"addition,":[175],"establish":[179],"bilateral":[181],"margin":[182],"penalty":[183],"so":[191],"that":[192],"discrimination":[194],"generalization":[196],"of":[197,212,267],"model":[201,236],"are":[202],"improved.":[203],"To":[204],"bridge":[205],"gap":[207],"training":[209],"testing":[211],"recognition,":[214],"adapt":[216],"GCE":[218],"pairwise":[222],"framework":[223],"by":[224],"randomly":[225],"replacing":[226],"some":[227],"prototypes":[229],"with":[230,238],"features.":[232],"We":[233],"designate":[234],"trained":[237],"proposed":[240],"GFace.":[245],"Extensive":[246],"experiments":[247],"several":[249],"public":[250],"benchmarks,":[252],"including":[253],"LFW,":[254],"CALFW,":[255],"CPLFW,":[256],"CFP-FP,":[257],"AgeDB,":[258],"IJB-C,":[259],"IJB-B,":[260],"MFR-Ongoing,":[261],"MegaFace,":[263],"demonstrate":[264],"superiority":[266],"GFace":[268,273],"methods.":[271],"Additionally,":[272],"exhibits":[274],"robust":[275],"performance":[276],"in":[277],"general":[278],"visual":[279],"task.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}