{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408182673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546465","title":"Iris Geometric Transformation Guided Deep Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation","display_name":"Iris Geometric Transformation Guided Deep Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408182673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546465","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3546465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102794220","display_name":"Wei Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0270-2630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0270-2630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018706878","display_name":"Zhiyong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-6666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-6666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072203497","display_name":"Weihong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-0078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046154628","display_name":"Hanlin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-069X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-069X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085867312","display_name":"Honghai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-4698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96212249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"1616","last_page":"1631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7477598786354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7125126123428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6996669769287109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.6593291163444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6178695559501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6118468046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.609878420829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-transformation","display_name":"Geometric transformation","score":0.4679376482963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41486644744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3226514458656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.260162889957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.20998752117156982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7477598786354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7125126123428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6996669769287109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.6593291163444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6178695559501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6118468046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.609878420829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56435381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196371","display_name":"Geometric transformation","level":3,"score":0.4679376482963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41486644744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3226514458656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.260162889957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.20998752117156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3546465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2025.3546465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40048339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1943871057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160652","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2567398775","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5b64\u72ec\u75c7\u65e9\u671f\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u673a\u5668\u8f85\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61733011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4345578192","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0095/2022/AFJ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4486226121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20240813105137049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6575101233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20240813105137049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vna4324"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104747263","https://openalex.org/W1899110234","https://openalex.org/W1946259682","https://openalex.org/W1971251683","https://openalex.org/W1987411016","https://openalex.org/W1988798713","https://openalex.org/W1991354356","https://openalex.org/W1995694455","https://openalex.org/W2003519179","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2034382626","https://openalex.org/W2042906110","https://openalex.org/W2059916030","https://openalex.org/W2098733337","https://openalex.org/W2105899846","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2136773441","https://openalex.org/W2158363907","https://openalex.org/W2167075312","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2557669140","https://openalex.org/W2765629358","https://openalex.org/W2778268008","https://openalex.org/W2796850409","https://openalex.org/W2884915206","https://openalex.org/W2891719020","https://openalex.org/W2895535699","https://openalex.org/W2897890508","https://openalex.org/W2902615807","https://openalex.org/W2903455329","https://openalex.org/W2904814274","https://openalex.org/W2921627265","https://openalex.org/W2986102820","https://openalex.org/W2998355285","https://openalex.org/W3005837602","https://openalex.org/W3009674406","https://openalex.org/W3013897564","https://openalex.org/W3096147990","https://openalex.org/W3136078915","https://openalex.org/W3163269234","https://openalex.org/W4312996499","https://openalex.org/W4385804914","https://openalex.org/W4386832346","https://openalex.org/W4386883051","https://openalex.org/W4388692601","https://openalex.org/W4393147780","https://openalex.org/W4393178467","https://openalex.org/W4393379622","https://openalex.org/W4394862629","https://openalex.org/W4395470955","https://openalex.org/W4402716042","https://openalex.org/W4402716053","https://openalex.org/W4403759170","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6751368850","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6791069354","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6811218711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2952386695","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W4231710054","https://openalex.org/W2557390811","https://openalex.org/W3133795085","https://openalex.org/W3213945064","https://openalex.org/W2784078054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"geometric":[1,43,63,97],"alterations":[2],"in":[3,139],"the":[4,11,38,52,56,71,75],"iris's":[5],"appearance":[6],"are":[7],"intricately":[8],"linked":[9],"to":[10,27,101,130],"gaze":[12,18,76,103,163],"direction.":[13],"However,":[14],"current":[15],"deep":[16,33,121,162],"appearance-based":[17],"estimation":[19,90],"methods":[20],"mainly":[21],"rely":[22],"on":[23,79],"latent":[24],"feature":[25],"sharing":[26,99],"leverage":[28],"iris":[29,72,107,128],"features":[30],"for":[31,160],"improving":[32],"representation":[34,164],"learning,":[35],"often":[36],"neglecting":[37],"explicit":[39,96],"modeling":[40],"of":[41,55,62,70],"their":[42],"relationships.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this":[47,49],"issue,":[48],"paper":[50],"revisits":[51],"physiological":[53],"structure":[54],"eyeball":[57],"and":[58,105,134,142,157],"introduces":[59],"a":[60,155],"set":[61],"assumptions,":[64,81],"such":[65],"as":[66,154],"\"the":[67],"normal":[68],"vector":[69],"center":[73],"approximates":[74],"direction\".":[77],"Building":[78],"these":[80],"we":[82],"propose":[83],"an":[84,95],"Iris":[85],"Geometric":[86],"Transformation":[87],"Guided":[88],"Gaze":[89],"(IGTG-Gaze)":[91],"module,":[92],"which":[93],"establishes":[94],"parameter":[98],"mechanism":[100],"link":[102],"direction":[104],"sparse":[106,127],"landmark":[108],"coordinates":[109],"directly.":[110],"Extensive":[111],"experimental":[112],"results":[113],"demonstrate":[114],"that":[115],"IGTG-Gaze":[116,153],"seamlessly":[117],"integrates":[118],"into":[119],"various":[120],"neural":[122],"networks,":[123],"flexibly":[124],"extends":[125],"from":[126,165],"landmarks":[129],"dense":[131],"eye":[132],"mesh,":[133],"consistently":[135],"achieves":[136],"leading":[137],"performance":[138],"both":[140],"within-":[141],"cross-dataset":[143],"evaluations,":[144],"all":[145],"while":[146],"maintaining":[147],"end-to-end":[148],"optimization.":[149],"These":[150],"advantages":[151],"highlight":[152],"practical":[156],"effective":[158],"approach":[159],"enhancing":[161],"appearance.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}