{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405844637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3518099","title":"Normalizing Batch Normalization for Long-Tailed Recognition","display_name":"Normalizing Batch Normalization for Long-Tailed Recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405844637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3518099","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3518099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3518099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036372354","display_name":"Yuxiang Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-4656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-4656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011488839","display_name":"Guoliang Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-2025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoliang Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-2025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699385","display_name":"Linlin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-0252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75689368","display_name":"Communication University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04facbs33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75689368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication, Communication University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-0252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication, Communication University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75689368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033511107","display_name":"Xiaoyue Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-2335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyue Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103114339","display_name":"Bo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2120-2571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015525872","display_name":"Baochang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-6218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baochang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-6218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3892,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84924535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"209","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6051067113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5927670001983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5893614292144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5705790519714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.435258150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36582279205322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3485385775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33272403478622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1433771252632141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6051067113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5927670001983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5893614292144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5705790519714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.435258150100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36582279205322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3485385775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33272403478622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1433771252632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3518099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3518099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40030792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2718483831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G296828936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3104900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4339263879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3306401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8350951161","display_name":"\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u9ad8\u6548\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LD24F020007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1941659294","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2119168155","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2622263826","https://openalex.org/W2746314669","https://openalex.org/W2797977484","https://openalex.org/W2898047322","https://openalex.org/W2962933664","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963469976","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W3011075597","https://openalex.org/W3035054804","https://openalex.org/W3035552357","https://openalex.org/W3080359291","https://openalex.org/W3096688134","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3166596953","https://openalex.org/W3176474016","https://openalex.org/W3177230409","https://openalex.org/W3182635745","https://openalex.org/W3201565470","https://openalex.org/W3202087803","https://openalex.org/W3215720729","https://openalex.org/W4214718285","https://openalex.org/W4293197791","https://openalex.org/W4304080660","https://openalex.org/W4312244159","https://openalex.org/W4312877479","https://openalex.org/W4312986563","https://openalex.org/W4313066313","https://openalex.org/W4382202878","https://openalex.org/W4383899699","https://openalex.org/W4386066322","https://openalex.org/W4387587692","https://openalex.org/W6680202767","https://openalex.org/W6695676441","https://openalex.org/W6697673422","https://openalex.org/W6730179637","https://openalex.org/W6739622702","https://openalex.org/W6743428213","https://openalex.org/W6745136726","https://openalex.org/W6764733053","https://openalex.org/W6767486985","https://openalex.org/W6768920361","https://openalex.org/W6780957418","https://openalex.org/W6784097300","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6806957884","https://openalex.org/W6810795485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2469820710","https://openalex.org/W4321276295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"real-world":[1],"scenarios,":[2],"the":[3,26,31,40,44,48,57,60,69,79,86,102,112,138,148,159,168],"number":[4],"of":[5,104,123,152,170],"training":[6],"samples":[7],"across":[8],"classes":[9],"usually":[10],"subjects":[11],"to":[12,30,38,109,157],"a":[13,74,96,124,128,133,142,162],"long-tailed":[14,179],"distribution.":[15],"The":[16],"conventionally":[17],"trained":[18],"network":[19,41],"may":[20,63],"achieve":[21,116],"unexpected":[22],"inferior":[23],"performance":[24],"on":[25,90,177],"rare":[27,80],"class":[28,62,81],"compared":[29],"frequent":[32,61],"class.":[33],"Most":[34],"previous":[35,193],"works":[36],"attempt":[37],"rectify":[39,111],"bias":[42,58],"from":[43,47],"data-level":[45],"or":[46],"classifier-level.":[49],"Differently,":[50],"in":[51,77,154],"this":[52,117],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,94,119],"identify":[55],"that":[56,189],"towards":[59],"be":[64],"encoded":[65],"into":[66,132],"features,":[67],"i.e.,":[68],"rare-specific":[70],"features":[71,171],"which":[72],"play":[73],"key":[75],"role":[76],"discriminating":[78],"are":[82],"much":[83],"weaker":[84],"than":[85],"frequent-specific":[87],"features.":[88],"Based":[89],"such":[91],"an":[92],"observation,":[93],"introduce":[95],"simple":[97],"yet":[98],"effective":[99],"approach,":[100],"normalizing":[101],"parameters":[103,122,153],"Batch":[105],"Normalization":[106],"(BN)":[107],"layer":[108,126,156],"explicitly":[110],"feature":[113],"bias.":[114],"To":[115],"end,":[118],"represent":[120],"theWeight/Bias":[121],"BN":[125,155],"as":[127],"vector,":[129],"normalize":[130],"it":[131],"unit":[134,139],"one":[135],"and":[136,150,166,185],"multiply":[137],"vector":[140],"by":[141],"scalar":[143],"learnable":[144],"parameter.":[145],"Through":[146],"decoupling":[147],"direction":[149],"magnitude":[151],"learn,":[158],"Weight/Bias":[160],"exhibits":[161],"more":[163,173],"balanced":[164],"distribution":[165],"thus":[167],"strength":[169],"becomes":[172],"even.":[174],"Extensive":[175],"experiments":[176],"various":[178],"recognition":[180],"benchmarks":[181],"(i.e.,":[182],"CIFAR-10/100-LT,":[183],"ImageNet-LT":[184],"iNaturalist":[186],"2018)":[187],"show":[188],"our":[190],"method":[191],"outperforms":[192],"state-of-the-arts":[194],"remarkably.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
