{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403721380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3468874","title":"Enhancing Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection With Pre-Trained Model Features","display_name":"Enhancing Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection With Pre-Trained Model Features","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403721380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3468874","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39446552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3468874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3468874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046521645","display_name":"Jiuqing Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-9817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiuqing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-9817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071160009","display_name":"Yifan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4132-5933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1095-3972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1095-3972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103117343","display_name":"Heng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-6908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071398995","display_name":"Yongbin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-0502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055905608","display_name":"Zhijun Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-5678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-5678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046521645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86779574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":null,"first_page":"6309","last_page":"6323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9361000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6182317733764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","score":0.5972296595573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5533046722412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5280547738075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4209814965724945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41741296648979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37564003467559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2352500855922699}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6182317733764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.5972296595573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5533046722412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5280547738075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4209814965724945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41741296648979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37564003467559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2352500855922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3468874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3468874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39446552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39446552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1704880194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5046658585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2033218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G510744082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12634471","https://openalex.org/W1977295328","https://openalex.org/W2017814585","https://openalex.org/W2047643928","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2551176409","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2797977484","https://openalex.org/W2804935296","https://openalex.org/W2891642103","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3159616808","https://openalex.org/W3178802061","https://openalex.org/W3196850540","https://openalex.org/W3198377975","https://openalex.org/W3198675127","https://openalex.org/W4205991051","https://openalex.org/W4312233286","https://openalex.org/W4312310776","https://openalex.org/W4312651322","https://openalex.org/W4362513284","https://openalex.org/W4382202657","https://openalex.org/W4386890345","https://openalex.org/W4390190101","https://openalex.org/W4390873118","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6718836005","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6762924995","https://openalex.org/W6787380718","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6801678826","https://openalex.org/W6809902071","https://openalex.org/W6810300553","https://openalex.org/W6839745749","https://openalex.org/W6845991869","https://openalex.org/W6849786500","https://openalex.org/W6850544949","https://openalex.org/W6851800889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2123759770","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278","https://openalex.org/W2886173746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"the":[1,84,97,104,136,211],"reliability":[2],"of":[3],"open-world":[4],"intelligent":[5],"systems":[6],"heavily":[7],"relies":[8],"on":[9],"effective":[10],"out-of-distribution":[11],"(OOD)":[12],"detection.":[13,77,227],"Despite":[14],"notable":[15],"successes":[16],"in":[17,24,43,74],"existing":[18,130],"OOD":[19,40,76,91,131,176,193,202],"detection":[20,41,132,177,194,203],"methods,":[21,133],"their":[22],"performance":[23,178],"scenarios":[25],"with":[26,214],"limited":[27],"training":[28],"samples":[29],"is":[30,88,152],"still":[31],"suboptimal.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"we":[34,100,112,161],"first":[35,113],"construct":[36],"a":[37,115,164,215],"comprehensive":[38],"few-shot":[39,75,175,192],"benchmark":[42],"this":[44,109,150,159],"paper.":[45],"Remarkably,":[46],"our":[47,207],"investigation":[48],"reveals":[49],"that":[50,79,189],"Parameter-Efficient":[51],"Fine-Tuning":[52],"(PEFT)":[53],"techniques,":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56],"visual":[57,61,221],"prompt":[58],"tuning":[59,73],"and":[60,70,141,168,179,201],"adapter":[62],"tuning,":[63],"outperform":[64],"traditional":[65,139],"methods":[66],"like":[67],"fully":[68],"fine-tuning":[69,98,140,184,197],"linear":[71],"probing":[72],"Considering":[78],"some":[80],"valuable":[81],"information":[82],"from":[83,103],"pre-trained":[85,105,222],"model,":[86],"which":[87],"conducive":[89],"to":[90,107,128,146,154,173,218],"detection,":[92],"may":[93],"be":[94,231],"lost":[95],"during":[96],"process,":[99],"reutilize":[101],"features":[102],"models":[106,223],"mitigate":[108],"issue.":[110],"Specifically,":[111],"propose":[114,163],"training-free":[116,148],"approach,":[117],"termed":[118],"uncertainty":[119],"score":[120],"ensemble":[121],"(USE).":[122],"This":[123],"method":[124,151,165],"integrates":[125],"feature-matching":[126],"scores":[127],"enhance":[129],"significantly":[134],"narrowing":[135],"gap":[137],"between":[138],"PEFT":[142],"techniques.":[143],"However,":[144],"due":[145],"its":[147],"property,":[149],"unable":[153],"improve":[155,174],"in-distribution":[156],"accuracy.":[157],"To":[158],"end,":[160],"further":[162],"called":[166],"Domain-Specific":[167],"General":[169],"Knowledge":[170],"Fusion":[171],"(DSGF)":[172],"ID":[180],"accuracy":[181],"under":[182],"different":[183,196],"paradigms.":[185],"Experiment":[186],"results":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"DSGF":[190],"enhances":[191],"across":[195],"strategies,":[198],"shot":[199],"settings,":[200],"methods.":[204],"We":[205],"believe":[206],"work":[208],"can":[209],"provide":[210],"research":[212],"community":[213],"novel":[216],"path":[217],"leveraging":[219],"large-scale":[220],"for":[224],"addressing":[225],"FS-OOD":[226],"The":[228],"code":[229],"will":[230],"released.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}