{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400111084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3418347","title":"Single-Subject Deep-Learning Image Reconstruction With a Neural Optimization Transfer Algorithm for PET-Enabled Dual-Energy CT Imaging","display_name":"Single-Subject Deep-Learning Image Reconstruction With a Neural Optimization Transfer Algorithm for PET-Enabled Dual-Energy CT Imaging","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400111084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3418347","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38941203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3418347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3418347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Siqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-5680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-5680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091003695","display_name":"Yansong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yansong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-9369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113998415","display_name":"Benjamin A. Spencer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin A. Spencer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057150859","display_name":"Guobao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6526-1533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guobao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6526-1533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86646775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":null,"first_page":"4075","last_page":"4089"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6612603068351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.65718674659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.599421501159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4981555938720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4883973002433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4643006920814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.43825170397758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4200073182582855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4106976389884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3836013972759247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3460201621055603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6612603068351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.65718674659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.599421501159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4981555938720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4883973002433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4643006920814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.43825170397758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4200073182582855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4106976389884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3836013972759247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3460201621055603}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072078","descriptor_name":"Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3418347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3418347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38941203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38941203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1369198477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 EB027346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2512297448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB033435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1926920987","https://openalex.org/W1977820565","https://openalex.org/W2032237670","https://openalex.org/W2032751988","https://openalex.org/W2047814979","https://openalex.org/W2049130824","https://openalex.org/W2053958583","https://openalex.org/W2069629287","https://openalex.org/W2077939678","https://openalex.org/W2084651306","https://openalex.org/W2119103933","https://openalex.org/W2142573532","https://openalex.org/W2145537745","https://openalex.org/W2152788151","https://openalex.org/W2165399609","https://openalex.org/W2199833690","https://openalex.org/W2240012579","https://openalex.org/W2527726543","https://openalex.org/W2591625603","https://openalex.org/W2755563559","https://openalex.org/W2771305881","https://openalex.org/W2787524978","https://openalex.org/W2788611845","https://openalex.org/W2885633224","https://openalex.org/W2898241136","https://openalex.org/W2906587342","https://openalex.org/W2911573353","https://openalex.org/W2947679489","https://openalex.org/W2963385325","https://openalex.org/W2986709753","https://openalex.org/W2999409265","https://openalex.org/W3004829055","https://openalex.org/W3011771465","https://openalex.org/W3012998949","https://openalex.org/W3037333647","https://openalex.org/W3040793855","https://openalex.org/W3047239282","https://openalex.org/W3080566337","https://openalex.org/W3090317854","https://openalex.org/W3093292427","https://openalex.org/W3097535065","https://openalex.org/W3104724358","https://openalex.org/W3112965401","https://openalex.org/W3130910673","https://openalex.org/W3133336535","https://openalex.org/W3144906631","https://openalex.org/W3163954017","https://openalex.org/W3180169056","https://openalex.org/W3197960341","https://openalex.org/W3199581899","https://openalex.org/W3204464819","https://openalex.org/W4213412343","https://openalex.org/W4220846785","https://openalex.org/W4253515568","https://openalex.org/W4254219689","https://openalex.org/W4283332931","https://openalex.org/W4302009605","https://openalex.org/W4307429081","https://openalex.org/W4313340542","https://openalex.org/W4319993433","https://openalex.org/W4362693698","https://openalex.org/W4387359727","https://openalex.org/W4391590731","https://openalex.org/W6860787783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201126466","https://openalex.org/W4282827391","https://openalex.org/W3165580226","https://openalex.org/W4386828785","https://openalex.org/W3135401135","https://openalex.org/W2886688859","https://openalex.org/W3133164560","https://openalex.org/W3041001745","https://openalex.org/W4224526119","https://openalex.org/W3211334853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Combining":[0],"dual-energy":[1],"computed":[2],"tomography":[3,8],"(DECT)":[4],"with":[5,60,184],"positron":[6],"emission":[7,73],"(PET)":[9],"offers":[10],"many":[11],"potential":[12,93],"clinical":[13],"applications":[14],"but":[15,85],"typically":[16],"requires":[17],"expensive":[18],"hardware":[19],"upgrades":[20],"or":[21],"increases":[22],"radiation":[23],"doses":[24],"on":[25,43],"PET/CT":[26,44],"scanners":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,147,217,252],"an":[30],"extra":[31],"X-ray":[32,49,57],"CT":[33,50,58,66],"scan.":[34,51],"The":[35,155],"recent":[36],"PET-enabled":[37,130],"DECT":[38,41],"method":[39,87,128,137,239],"allows":[40],"imaging":[42,127],"without":[45,152],"requiring":[46],"a":[47,61,116,125,135,143],"second":[48],"It":[52],"combines":[53],"the":[54,92,104,160,180,190,209,220,237],"already":[55],"existing":[56],"image":[59,68,84,150,199,202,211,244],"511":[62],"keV":[63],"\u03b3":[64],"-ray":[65],"(gCT)":[67],"reconstructed":[69],"from":[70,167,224],"time-of-flight":[71],"PET":[72,197],"data.":[74,170],"A":[75],"kernelized":[76],"framework":[77],"has":[78,88],"been":[79],"developed":[80],"for":[81,119,124],"reconstructing":[82],"gCT":[83,149,168,201,210,243],"this":[86,110],"not":[89],"fully":[90],"exploited":[91],"of":[94,98,106,163,189],"prior":[95,146],"knowledge.":[96],"Use":[97],"deep":[99,107,144],"neural":[100,192],"networks":[101],"may":[102],"explore":[103],"power":[105],"learning":[108,207],"in":[109,208],"application.":[111],"However,":[112],"common":[113],"approaches":[114],"require":[115],"large":[117],"database":[118],"training,":[120],"which":[121],"is":[122,215],"impractical":[123],"new":[126],"like":[129],"DECT.":[131],"Here,":[132],"we":[133],"propose":[134],"single-subject":[136],"by":[138,178],"using":[139],"neural-network":[140,165,206],"representation":[141],"as":[142,250],"coefficient":[145],"improving":[148],"reconstruction":[151],"population-based":[153],"pre-training.":[154],"resulting":[156],"optimization":[157,181,193],"problem":[158,173],"becomes":[159],"tomographic":[161],"estimation":[162],"nonlinear":[164],"parameters":[166],"projection":[169],"This":[171,213],"complicated":[172],"can":[174,240],"be":[175],"efficiently":[176],"solved":[177],"utilizing":[179],"transfer":[182,194],"strategy":[183],"quadratic":[185],"surrogates.":[186],"Each":[187],"iteration":[188],"proposed":[191,238],"algorithm":[195,214],"includes:":[196],"activity":[198],"update;":[200,203],"and":[204,230,246],"least-square":[205],"domain.":[212],"guaranteed":[216],"monotonically":[218],"increase":[219],"data":[221,229,233],"likelihood.":[222],"Results":[223],"computer":[225],"simulation,":[226],"real":[227,231],"phantom":[228],"patient":[232],"have":[234],"demonstrated":[235],"that":[236],"significantly":[241],"improve":[242],"quality":[245],"consequent":[247],"multi-material":[248],"decomposition":[249],"compared":[251],"other":[253],"methods.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
