{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399425718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3408609","title":"Learning Discriminative Features for Crowd Counting","display_name":"Learning Discriminative Features for Crowd Counting","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399425718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3408609","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38848225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3408609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3408609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074448505","display_name":"Yuehai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-8718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuehai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-8718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073897483","display_name":"Qingzhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1562-8098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingzhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Research, Beijing, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China","are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1562-8098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704226","display_name":"Jing Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China","are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-1686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077852542","display_name":"Badong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-3818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Badong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China","the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-3818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081254155","display_name":"Haoyi Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5451-3253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyi Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Research, Beijing, China","Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China","the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5451-3253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044668212","display_name":"Shaoyi Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-0596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"are with Baidu Research, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074448505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I98301712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93994141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":null,"first_page":"3749","last_page":"3764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8974918127059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8007704019546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7831549048423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6546968221664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6518809199333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6182218790054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5726660490036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5690454840660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5290840268135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5062850713729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.48559683561325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4466528594493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.42342984676361084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8974918127059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8007704019546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7831549048423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6546968221664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6518809199333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6182218790054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5726660490036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5690454840660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5290840268135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5062850713729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.48559683561325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4466528594493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.42342984676361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3408609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2024.3408609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38848225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38848225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8592957839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2066624635","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2514654788","https://openalex.org/W2579152745","https://openalex.org/W2741077351","https://openalex.org/W2798991696","https://openalex.org/W2883929025","https://openalex.org/W2886443245","https://openalex.org/W2895051362","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2948513880","https://openalex.org/W2963172723","https://openalex.org/W2963274387","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963693541","https://openalex.org/W2963893037","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2967069910","https://openalex.org/W2985314571","https://openalex.org/W2995582330","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3007175960","https://openalex.org/W3012297320","https://openalex.org/W3015469128","https://openalex.org/W3027175416","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3035193053","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3041349207","https://openalex.org/W3043370775","https://openalex.org/W3045455261","https://openalex.org/W3048083751","https://openalex.org/W3084883754","https://openalex.org/W3097305524","https://openalex.org/W3110700482","https://openalex.org/W3113041473","https://openalex.org/W3113251869","https://openalex.org/W3116959466","https://openalex.org/W3122412340","https://openalex.org/W3126263946","https://openalex.org/W3127995199","https://openalex.org/W3157653192","https://openalex.org/W3160910141","https://openalex.org/W3168822201","https://openalex.org/W3169708801","https://openalex.org/W3174519905","https://openalex.org/W3175725565","https://openalex.org/W3176047859","https://openalex.org/W3176458063","https://openalex.org/W3203845557","https://openalex.org/W3213366174","https://openalex.org/W4205884078","https://openalex.org/W4205890571","https://openalex.org/W4214828374","https://openalex.org/W4225264236","https://openalex.org/W4226360223","https://openalex.org/W4283312418","https://openalex.org/W4288325606","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4294310792","https://openalex.org/W4298326481","https://openalex.org/W4304098616","https://openalex.org/W4307203027","https://openalex.org/W4312265233","https://openalex.org/W4312312750","https://openalex.org/W4312613051","https://openalex.org/W4312685069","https://openalex.org/W4312791242","https://openalex.org/W4312826597","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4313182800","https://openalex.org/W4323644095","https://openalex.org/W4382567984","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386076493","https://openalex.org/W4386076535","https://openalex.org/W4388740374","https://openalex.org/W4402726935","https://openalex.org/W6625261216","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6682250724","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6783507135","https://openalex.org/W6785789763","https://openalex.org/W6787680731","https://openalex.org/W6796792687","https://openalex.org/W6838789689","https://openalex.org/W6839263979","https://openalex.org/W6840200333","https://openalex.org/W6872924730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W156213964","https://openalex.org/W2050960118","https://openalex.org/W4388405611","https://openalex.org/W2619127353","https://openalex.org/W4309346246","https://openalex.org/W2786094008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowd":[0],"counting":[1,166],"models":[2,193],"in":[3,16,31,91,108,120,138,158,199],"highly":[4,32],"congested":[5,33],"areas":[6,34],"confront":[7],"two":[8,183],"main":[9],"challenges:":[10],"weak":[11],"localization":[12],"ability":[13,116],"and":[14,20,38,77,95,112,131,167],"difficulty":[15],"differentiating":[17],"between":[18],"foreground":[19,147],"background,":[21],"leading":[22],"to":[23,49,102,117,128,145,178],"inaccurate":[24],"estimations.":[25],"The":[26,85,123,181],"reason":[27],"is":[28,68,106],"that":[29],"objects":[30,119,148],"are":[35,46,185],"normally":[36],"small":[37,51],"high-level":[39],"features":[40,62],"extracted":[41],"by":[42],"convolutional":[43],"neural":[44],"networks":[45],"less":[47],"discriminative":[48,61],"represent":[50],"objects.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"these":[55,200],"problems,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"a":[59,71,78],"learning":[60,82],"framework":[63],"for":[64],"crowd":[65,165],"counting,":[66],"which":[67],"composed":[69],"of":[70],"masked":[72,110],"feature":[73,89,93,140],"prediction":[74],"module":[75,83],"(MPM)":[76],"supervised":[79],"pixel-level":[80],"contrastive":[81],"(CLM).":[84],"MPM":[86],"randomly":[87],"masks":[88],"vectors":[90],"the":[92,100,109,114,139,143,152,188],"map":[94],"then":[96],"reconstructs":[97],"them,":[98],"allowing":[99],"model":[101,144],"learn":[103],"about":[104],"what":[105],"present":[107],"regions":[111],"improving":[113],"model's":[115],"localize":[118],"high-density":[121],"regions.":[122],"CLM":[124],"pulls":[125],"targets":[126],"close":[127],"each":[129],"other":[130],"pushes":[132],"them":[133],"far":[134],"away":[135],"from":[136,149],"background":[137],"space,":[141],"enabling":[142],"discriminate":[146],"background.":[150],"Additionally,":[151],"proposed":[153,182,189],"modules":[154,184,190],"can":[155,194],"be":[156],"beneficial":[157],"various":[159],"computer":[160],"vision":[161],"tasks,":[162],"such":[163],"as":[164],"object":[168],"detection,":[169],"where":[170],"dense":[171],"scenes":[172],"or":[173],"cluttered":[174],"environments":[175],"pose":[176],"challenges":[177],"accurate":[179],"localization.":[180],"plug-and-play,":[186],"incorporating":[187],"into":[191],"existing":[192],"potentially":[195],"boost":[196],"their":[197],"performance":[198],"scenarios.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}