{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386699346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3313490","title":"Semi-Supervised Crowd Counting via Multiple Representation Learning","display_name":"Semi-Supervised Crowd Counting via Multiple Representation Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386699346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3313490","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37703150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3313490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3313490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040886197","display_name":"Xing Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-3941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-3941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047718615","display_name":"Yunfeng Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008366979","display_name":"Zhiheng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-2065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-2065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026880795","display_name":"Xiaopeng Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-0636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-0636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687952","display_name":"Yihong Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-5836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, SHAANXI Province Joint Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-5836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, SHAANXI Province Joint Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87621304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"5220","last_page":"5230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6955289244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.6831257939338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.6278148293495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5796323418617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5511868596076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5502092242240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.5463377833366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4930536448955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4780702590942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.46838098764419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4583349823951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4287383258342743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.428730845451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32350635528564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.16232982277870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14449754357337952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6955289244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.6831257939338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.6278148293495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5796323418617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5511868596076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5502092242240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5463377833366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4930536448955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4780702590942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.46838098764419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4583349823951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4287383258342743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.428730845451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32350635528564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.16232982277870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14449754357337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3313490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3313490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37703150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37703150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1304465398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0105600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5833092045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7104598702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M683489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8695853166","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62006183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565176583","https://openalex.org/W1604293137","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1910776219","https://openalex.org/W2072232009","https://openalex.org/W2097324787","https://openalex.org/W2120815373","https://openalex.org/W2418306335","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2519281173","https://openalex.org/W2741077351","https://openalex.org/W2798489385","https://openalex.org/W2798490576","https://openalex.org/W2808519136","https://openalex.org/W2884960332","https://openalex.org/W2886443245","https://openalex.org/W2895051362","https://openalex.org/W2899116516","https://openalex.org/W2903922555","https://openalex.org/W2922295717","https://openalex.org/W2949333977","https://openalex.org/W2962804657","https://openalex.org/W2962854645","https://openalex.org/W2963035940","https://openalex.org/W2963231953","https://openalex.org/W2963693541","https://openalex.org/W2963754008","https://openalex.org/W2964018834","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2964285767","https://openalex.org/W2966271765","https://openalex.org/W2967069910","https://openalex.org/W2967776630","https://openalex.org/W2975221988","https://openalex.org/W2981436300","https://openalex.org/W2981766846","https://openalex.org/W2982014038","https://openalex.org/W2982021328","https://openalex.org/W2982130202","https://openalex.org/W2987988567","https://openalex.org/W2995582330","https://openalex.org/W2997996590","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3015469128","https://openalex.org/W3015899030","https://openalex.org/W3027175416","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3034785991","https://openalex.org/W3035193053","https://openalex.org/W3035925134","https://openalex.org/W3043370775","https://openalex.org/W3044485187","https://openalex.org/W3045455261","https://openalex.org/W3081099313","https://openalex.org/W3084883754","https://openalex.org/W3095336680","https://openalex.org/W3097305524","https://openalex.org/W3097407159","https://openalex.org/W3108659450","https://openalex.org/W3108994527","https://openalex.org/W3109157205","https://openalex.org/W3109242411","https://openalex.org/W3110115397","https://openalex.org/W3110700482","https://openalex.org/W3110984360","https://openalex.org/W3113251869","https://openalex.org/W3127995199","https://openalex.org/W3137378307","https://openalex.org/W3174519905","https://openalex.org/W3175251060","https://openalex.org/W3175557814","https://openalex.org/W3175657805","https://openalex.org/W3175725565","https://openalex.org/W3176047859","https://openalex.org/W3176458063","https://openalex.org/W3190622003","https://openalex.org/W3190723141","https://openalex.org/W3201782689","https://openalex.org/W3203845557","https://openalex.org/W3209458476","https://openalex.org/W3210983250","https://openalex.org/W4214637271","https://openalex.org/W4214665794","https://openalex.org/W4214828374","https://openalex.org/W4226141461","https://openalex.org/W4285212493","https://openalex.org/W4312458877","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6681368121","https://openalex.org/W6688325169","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6783507135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110459882","https://openalex.org/W2144201579","https://openalex.org/W3162567751","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W4319309271","https://openalex.org/W2033536062","https://openalex.org/W3094076422","https://openalex.org/W4386025632","https://openalex.org/W2139827065","https://openalex.org/W1560437918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1,23],"been":[2,24],"a":[3,36,58,68,96,100,111,131,155],"growing":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6,16,99,105],"counting":[7,54],"crowds":[8],"through":[9],"computer":[10],"vision":[11],"and":[12,34,71,135],"machine":[13],"learning":[14,33,50,122],"techniques":[15],"recent":[17],"years.":[18],"Despite":[19],"that":[20,87,102,180],"significant":[21],"progress":[22],"made,":[25],"most":[26],"existing":[27],"methods":[28,186],"heavily":[29],"rely":[30],"on":[31,47,113,130,159,172],"fully-supervised":[32],"require":[35],"lot":[37],"of":[38],"labeled":[39],"data.":[40,145],"To":[41,146],"alleviate":[42],"the":[43,48,73,81,137,148,160,173],"reliance,":[44],"we":[45,85,118,164],"focus":[46],"semi-supervised":[49,185],"paradigm.":[51],"Usually,":[52],"crowd":[53],"is":[55,64],"converted":[56],"to":[57,66,123,142],"density":[59,69,92,133,150,162,168],"estimation":[60],"problem.":[61],"The":[62],"model":[63,128],"trained":[65],"predict":[67],"map":[70,93],"obtains":[72],"total":[74,115],"count":[75,138],"by":[76],"accumulating":[77],"densities":[78],"over":[79],"all":[80],"locations.":[82],"In":[83],"particular,":[84],"find":[86],"there":[88],"could":[89],"be":[90],"multiple":[91,120],"representations":[94],"for":[95],"given":[97],"image":[98],"way":[101],"they":[103],"differ":[104],"probability":[106],"distribution":[107],"forms":[108],"but":[109],"reach":[110],"consensus":[112],"their":[114],"counts.":[116],"Therefore,":[117],"propose":[119,165],"representation":[121,134,169],"train":[124],"several":[125],"models.":[126],"Each":[127],"focuses":[129],"specific":[132],"utilizes":[136],"consistency":[139],"between":[140],"models":[141],"supervise":[143],"unlabeled":[144],"bypass":[147],"explicit":[149],"regression":[151],"problem,":[152],"which":[153],"makes":[154],"strong":[156],"parametric":[157],"assumption":[158],"underlying":[161],"distribution,":[163],"an":[166],"implicit":[167],"method":[170],"based":[171],"kernel":[174],"mean":[175],"embedding.":[176],"Extensive":[177],"experiments":[178],"demonstrate":[179],"our":[181],"approach":[182],"outperforms":[183],"state-of-the-art":[184],"significantly.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
