{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387789953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3312910","title":"Evolving Into a Transformer: From a Training-Free Retrieval-Based Method for Anomaly Obstacle Segmentation","display_name":"Evolving Into a Transformer: From a Training-Free Retrieval-Based Method for Anomaly Obstacle Segmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387789953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3312910","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37856258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3312910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3312910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102027967","display_name":"Yongjian Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-7167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongjian Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059615609","display_name":"Dingli Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1024-4124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingli Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057382261","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-6567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102217501","display_name":"Hang Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019884153","display_name":"Dayang Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dayang Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101876496","display_name":"Zhijie Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102027967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42634837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"6195","last_page":"6209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7716301679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7179898023605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6064538359642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5667642951011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5325872898101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.5228205919265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.462080717086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4165314733982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4132063388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41115057468414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3536459505558014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11053299903869629}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7716301679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7179898023605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6064538359642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5667642951011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5325872898101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5228205919265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.462080717086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4165314733982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4132063388824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41115057468414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3536459505558014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11053299903869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3312910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3312910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37856258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37856258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556531089","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1979931042","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2042576467","https://openalex.org/W2076188996","https://openalex.org/W2077529516","https://openalex.org/W2100264949","https://openalex.org/W2100398441","https://openalex.org/W2141362318","https://openalex.org/W2149991777","https://openalex.org/W2153605240","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2520707372","https://openalex.org/W2531327146","https://openalex.org/W2605189827","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2758425594","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2793165286","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2903179019","https://openalex.org/W2963061824","https://openalex.org/W2963488291","https://openalex.org/W2963944506","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964254867","https://openalex.org/W2969876226","https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W2975813532","https://openalex.org/W2980088508","https://openalex.org/W2981786146","https://openalex.org/W2997591391","https://openalex.org/W3011680720","https://openalex.org/W3034230713","https://openalex.org/W3090238777","https://openalex.org/W3092462694","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3108219568","https://openalex.org/W3109790059","https://openalex.org/W3110437118","https://openalex.org/W3112906266","https://openalex.org/W3113089224","https://openalex.org/W3119586106","https://openalex.org/W3122923658","https://openalex.org/W3130453925","https://openalex.org/W3158106564","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3171668871","https://openalex.org/W3176640650","https://openalex.org/W3193198176","https://openalex.org/W3201876338","https://openalex.org/W3204557602","https://openalex.org/W4200056912","https://openalex.org/W4200318028","https://openalex.org/W4205488143","https://openalex.org/W4206378740","https://openalex.org/W4211088096","https://openalex.org/W4220813865","https://openalex.org/W4220869836","https://openalex.org/W4223616928","https://openalex.org/W4225668955","https://openalex.org/W4225896280","https://openalex.org/W4225911012","https://openalex.org/W4225931144","https://openalex.org/W4225957036","https://openalex.org/W4226271323","https://openalex.org/W4287371891","https://openalex.org/W4292787445","https://openalex.org/W4300479382","https://openalex.org/W4312601785","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387558949","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6730042731","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6744870235","https://openalex.org/W6745553787","https://openalex.org/W6749162425","https://openalex.org/W6752760542","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6756483922","https://openalex.org/W6758854563","https://openalex.org/W6763701032","https://openalex.org/W6767211374","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6784323503","https://openalex.org/W6787380718","https://openalex.org/W6787951251","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6794739358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794103424","https://openalex.org/W1996530509","https://openalex.org/W3028317537","https://openalex.org/W2389515972","https://openalex.org/W4245435724","https://openalex.org/W2055301889","https://openalex.org/W2125652721","https://openalex.org/W1540371141","https://openalex.org/W2376554934","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,52,169,180,182],"key":[2],"problem":[3],"of":[4,9,39,55,76,86,98,113,119,154],"auto-vehicle":[5],"applications,":[6],"the":[7,27,32,61,74,84,96,111,117,136,142,155,193],"goal":[8],"Anomaly":[10],"Obstacle":[11],"Segmentation":[12],"(AOS)":[13],"is":[14,48,128,168],"to":[15,36,43,59,91,106,110,131],"detect":[16],"some":[17],"strange":[18],"and":[19,51,79,150,175,178],"unexpected":[20],"obstacles":[21,62,134],"(possibly":[22],"are":[23,57],"unseen":[24],"previously)":[25],"on":[26,73,146],"drivable":[28],"area,":[29],"thereby":[30,129],"equipping":[31],"semantic":[33],"perceptual":[34,87,99],"model":[35],"be":[37],"tolerant":[38],"unknown":[40],"things.":[41],"Due":[42],"its":[44],"practicality,":[45],"recently":[46],"AOS":[47],"drawing":[49],"attentions":[50],"long":[53],"line":[54],"works":[56],"proposed":[58,130],"tackle":[60],"with":[63],"almost":[64],"infinite":[65],"diversity.":[66],"However,":[67],"these":[68],"methods":[69,153],"usually":[70],"focus":[71],"less":[72],"priors":[75],"driving":[77,114],"scenarios":[78],"involve":[80],"image":[81],"re-generation":[82],"or":[83,95],"retraining":[85],"model,":[88],"which":[89],"lead":[90],"large":[92],"computational":[93],"quantity":[94],"degradation":[97],"performance.":[100,194],"In":[101],"this":[102,120],"paper,":[103],"we":[104,164],"propose":[105],"pay":[107],"more":[108],"attention":[109],"characteristics":[112],"scenarios,":[115],"lowering":[116],"difficulty":[118],"tricky":[121],"task.":[122],"A":[123],"training-free":[124],"retrieval":[125,188],"based":[126,145,189],"method":[127,174],"distinguish":[132],"road":[133,138],"from":[135,186],"surrounding":[137],"texture":[139],"by":[140,158],"computing":[141],"cosine":[143],"similarity":[144],"their":[147],"appearance":[148],"features,":[149],"significantly":[151],"outperforms":[152],"same":[156],"category":[157],"around":[159],"20":[160],"percentage":[161],"points.":[162],"Besides,":[163],"find":[165],"that":[166],"there":[167],"deep":[170],"relation":[171],"between":[172],"our":[173,187],"self-attention":[176],"mechanism,":[177],"as":[179],"result":[181],"novel":[183],"Transformer":[184],"evolves":[185],"method,":[190],"further":[191],"boosting":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}