{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384924694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3295929","title":"Uncertainty-Aware Source-Free Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Uncertainty-Aware Source-Free Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384924694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3295929","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37471189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3295929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3295929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2e2c8f6e-cba5-4c17-b33f-1bcaf2f4da99","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057760050","display_name":"Zhihe Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-8654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihe Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP) and the iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Center on Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-8654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP) and the iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Center on Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384536","display_name":"Da Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-2989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, U.K","Samsung AI center, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-2989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI center, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046046128","display_name":"Yi-Zhe Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-3275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Zhe Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP) and the iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Center on Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","CVSSP, University of Surrey, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-3275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP) and the iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Center on Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CVSSP, University of Surrey, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014436524","display_name":"Tao Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-1059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP) and the iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Center on Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","CVSSP, University of Surrey, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-1059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP) and the iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Center on Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CVSSP, University of Surrey, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087823932","display_name":"Timothy M. Hospedales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-7486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy M. Hospedales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, U.K","Samsung AI center, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-7486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI center, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96115222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"4664","last_page":"4676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8107305765151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.7040965557098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6731767654418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.673151969909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6458806395530701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5506970286369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5500326752662659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5095468163490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.45213431119918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3443291187286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08158183097839355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8107305765151978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.7040965557098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6731767654418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.673151969909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6458806395530701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5506970286369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5500326752662659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5095468163490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.45213431119918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3443291187286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08158183097839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3295929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3295929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37471189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37471189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/2e2c8f6e-cba5-4c17-b33f-1bcaf2f4da99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2e2c8f6e-cba5-4c17-b33f-1bcaf2f4da99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lu, Z, Li, D, Song, Y-Z, Xiang, T & Hospedales, T M 2023, 'Uncertainty-Aware Source-Free Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 32, pp. 4664-4676. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2023.3295929","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/2e2c8f6e-cba5-4c17-b33f-1bcaf2f4da99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/2e2c8f6e-cba5-4c17-b33f-1bcaf2f4da99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/2e2c8f6e-cba5-4c17-b33f-1bcaf2f4da99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/2e2c8f6e-cba5-4c17-b33f-1bcaf2f4da99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lu, Z, Li, D, Song, Y-Z, Xiang, T & Hospedales, T M 2023, 'Uncertainty-Aware Source-Free Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 32, pp. 4664-4676. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2023.3295929","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582134693","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1882958252","https://openalex.org/W1982696459","https://openalex.org/W2108677974","https://openalex.org/W2115150266","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2214409633","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2431874326","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2600383743","https://openalex.org/W2603777577","https://openalex.org/W2626967530","https://openalex.org/W2892269335","https://openalex.org/W2895281799","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2962808524","https://openalex.org/W2962851448","https://openalex.org/W2963107255","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2963865469","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2969893028","https://openalex.org/W2972285644","https://openalex.org/W2981429991","https://openalex.org/W2981540341","https://openalex.org/W2981624307","https://openalex.org/W2981925632","https://openalex.org/W2982410491","https://openalex.org/W2985406498","https://openalex.org/W2986831462","https://openalex.org/W2996246027","https://openalex.org/W2998607115","https://openalex.org/W3004944559","https://openalex.org/W3021747502","https://openalex.org/W3034218934","https://openalex.org/W3034247804","https://openalex.org/W3034526587","https://openalex.org/W3034631418","https://openalex.org/W3034954654","https://openalex.org/W3035256099","https://openalex.org/W3035294798","https://openalex.org/W3092433507","https://openalex.org/W3095391551","https://openalex.org/W3097460321","https://openalex.org/W3102100346","https://openalex.org/W3107502112","https://openalex.org/W3108560336","https://openalex.org/W3108566666","https://openalex.org/W3110486195","https://openalex.org/W3119635706","https://openalex.org/W3120562181","https://openalex.org/W3120804725","https://openalex.org/W3164101295","https://openalex.org/W3164731060","https://openalex.org/W3175042385","https://openalex.org/W3175294391","https://openalex.org/W3182906273","https://openalex.org/W3201774370","https://openalex.org/W3202422321","https://openalex.org/W4225468434","https://openalex.org/W4285236786","https://openalex.org/W4288281368","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6617145748","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6676315081","https://openalex.org/W6687400500","https://openalex.org/W6730042731","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6739651123","https://openalex.org/W6746282794","https://openalex.org/W6754923448","https://openalex.org/W6766313662","https://openalex.org/W6767268582","https://openalex.org/W6771753040","https://openalex.org/W6774120203","https://openalex.org/W6781050468","https://openalex.org/W6785293073","https://openalex.org/W6811183596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389474468","https://openalex.org/W4300172004","https://openalex.org/W2955455867","https://openalex.org/W4321649381","https://openalex.org/W3180787869","https://openalex.org/W2997645659","https://openalex.org/W3203792196","https://openalex.org/W4295929828","https://openalex.org/W3156096827","https://openalex.org/W4287890001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source-Free":[0],"Domain":[1],"Adaptation":[2],"(SFDA)":[3],"is":[4,50],"becoming":[5],"topical":[6],"to":[7,71,79,85],"address":[8],"the":[9,22,59,66,72,87,98,134,148],"challenge":[10],"of":[11,24,101,136,143],"distribution":[12],"shift":[13,74],"between":[14],"training":[15],"and":[16,93,115,129,145],"deployment":[17],"data,":[18],"while":[19],"also":[20],"relaxing":[21],"requirement":[23],"source":[25,60],"data":[26,69],"availability":[27],"during":[28],"target":[29,47,67,88],"domain":[30,48,68,73],"adaptation.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,77,103],"focus":[36],"on":[37,65,121],"SFDA":[38],"for":[39],"semantic":[40],"segmentation,":[41],"in":[42],"which":[43],"pseudo":[44,55],"labeling":[45],"based":[46,108],"self-training":[49,89,107],"a":[51],"common":[52],"solution.":[53],"However,":[54],"labels":[56],"generated":[57],"by":[58,90],"models":[61],"are":[62],"particularly":[63],"unreliable":[64],"due":[70],"issue.":[75],"Therefore,":[76],"propose":[78],"use":[80],"Bayesian":[81],"Neural":[82],"Network":[83],"(BNN)":[84],"improve":[86],"better":[91],"estimating":[92],"exploiting":[94],"pseudo-label":[95],"uncertainty.":[96],"With":[97],"uncertainty":[99],"estimation":[100],"BNNs,":[102],"introduce":[104],"two":[105,122],"novel":[106],"components:":[109],"Uncertainty-aware":[110,116],"Online":[111],"Teacher-Student":[112],"Learning":[113],"(UOTSL)":[114],"FeatureMix":[117],"(UFM).":[118],"Extensive":[119],"experiments":[120],"popular":[123],"benchmarks,":[124],"GTA":[125],"5":[126],"\u2192":[127,131],"Cityscapes":[128],"SYNTHIA":[130],"Cityscapes,":[132],"show":[133],"superiority":[135],"our":[137],"proposed":[138],"method":[139],"with":[140],"mIoU":[141],"gains":[142],"3.6%":[144],"5.7%":[146],"over":[147],"state-of-the-art":[149],"respectively.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}