{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381597691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3287038","title":"A New Language-Independent Deep CNN for Scene Text Detection and Style Transfer in Social Media Images","display_name":"A New Language-Independent Deep CNN for Scene Text Detection and Style Transfer in Social Media Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381597691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3287038","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37342944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3287038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3287038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025871978","display_name":"Palaiahnakote Shivakumara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Palaiahnakote Shivakumara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103134638","display_name":"Ayan Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayan Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068803496","display_name":"Umapada Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umapada Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033782598","display_name":"Lokesh Nandanwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lokesh Nandanwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061696740","display_name":"Tong L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-5347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714202","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Lin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Lin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025871978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93272004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"3552","last_page":"3566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8094512224197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6357254385948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6342533230781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5665991902351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5195384621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4958129823207855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4845503866672516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45478665828704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.44751712679862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.41308748722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3823184370994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10978060960769653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8094512224197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6357254385948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6342533230781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5665991902351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5195384621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4958129823207855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4845503866672516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45478665828704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.44751712679862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.41308748722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3823184370994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10978060960769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3287038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3287038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37342944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37342944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1936902364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2020/ICT02/UM/02/4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3139287543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672273","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014286161","https://openalex.org/W2519818067","https://openalex.org/W2520715860","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2741432526","https://openalex.org/W2772800855","https://openalex.org/W2784050770","https://openalex.org/W2786782242","https://openalex.org/W2790733316","https://openalex.org/W2796164853","https://openalex.org/W2810028092","https://openalex.org/W2831607544","https://openalex.org/W2875814315","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2886603769","https://openalex.org/W2902494497","https://openalex.org/W2951597862","https://openalex.org/W2953606406","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962968458","https://openalex.org/W2963398399","https://openalex.org/W2963647456","https://openalex.org/W2964123594","https://openalex.org/W2964685115","https://openalex.org/W2967615747","https://openalex.org/W2968226676","https://openalex.org/W2970910956","https://openalex.org/W2983541695","https://openalex.org/W2983626510","https://openalex.org/W2985480251","https://openalex.org/W2986036729","https://openalex.org/W2987563462","https://openalex.org/W2988785208","https://openalex.org/W2989889352","https://openalex.org/W2991609675","https://openalex.org/W2995942257","https://openalex.org/W2998621280","https://openalex.org/W3003623126","https://openalex.org/W3003868038","https://openalex.org/W3003921261","https://openalex.org/W3004846386","https://openalex.org/W3014690505","https://openalex.org/W3015079439","https://openalex.org/W3028190090","https://openalex.org/W3028835974","https://openalex.org/W3034407343","https://openalex.org/W3043606932","https://openalex.org/W3047669229","https://openalex.org/W3084269620","https://openalex.org/W3098401216","https://openalex.org/W3102695566","https://openalex.org/W3109507914","https://openalex.org/W3168428721","https://openalex.org/W3172799005","https://openalex.org/W3181016597","https://openalex.org/W3184364189","https://openalex.org/W3186906052","https://openalex.org/W3200090061","https://openalex.org/W3204397973","https://openalex.org/W3211070770","https://openalex.org/W3212877081","https://openalex.org/W3213558603","https://openalex.org/W4226165362","https://openalex.org/W6746206475","https://openalex.org/W6753182481","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6783140480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2087343574","https://openalex.org/W2535915176","https://openalex.org/W2105860728","https://openalex.org/W4287657826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,56,97,135,157,184,201],"the":[2,52,65,74,90,94,99,138,159,164,168,186,203,224,228],"adverse":[3,100],"effect":[4,101],"of":[5,51,76,86,93,102,174,190,213],"quality":[6],"caused":[7],"by":[8,162],"different":[9,103],"social":[10,21,45,104,208],"media":[11,22,46,69,209],"and":[12,24,40,71,119,152,177,188,218,232,238],"arbitrary":[13],"languages":[14],"in":[15,44,64,236],"natural":[16,214],"scenes,":[17],"detecting":[18],"text":[19,38,41,108,112,122,216,219,230],"from":[20,89,167],"images":[23,67],"transferring":[25],"its":[26],"style":[27,42,139,153,220,233],"is":[28,55,196],"challenging.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"presents":[32],"a":[33,83,125,144,149,172,178],"novel":[34,84],"end-to-end":[35,198],"model":[36,195,226],"for":[37,121],"detection":[39,123,217,231],"transfer":[43,140,221,234],"images.":[47],"The":[48,111,193],"key":[49],"notion":[50],"proposed":[53,225],"work":[54],"find":[57],"dominant":[58],"information,":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61,200],"fine":[62],"details":[63],"degraded":[66],"(social":[68],"images),":[70],"then":[72],"restore":[73],"structure":[75,189],"character":[77],"information.":[78],"Therefore,":[79],"we":[80,142],"first":[81,169],"introduce":[82],"idea":[85],"extracting":[87],"gradients":[88],"frequency":[91],"domain":[92],"input":[95],"image":[96],"reduce":[98],"media,":[105],"which":[106,147],"outputs":[107],"candidate":[109],"points.":[110],"candidates":[113],"are":[114,182],"further":[115],"connected":[116],"into":[117],"components":[118],"used":[120],"via":[124],"UNet++":[126],"like":[127],"network":[128],"with":[129,137],"an":[130],"EfficientNet":[131],"backbone":[132],"(EffiUNet++).":[133],"Then,":[134],"deal":[136],"issue,":[141],"devise":[143],"generative":[145],"model,":[146],"comprises":[148],"target":[150,160],"encoder":[151],"parameter":[154],"networks":[155],"(TESP-Net)":[156],"generate":[158],"characters":[161],"leveraging":[163],"recognition":[165],"results":[166],"stage.":[170],"Specifically,":[171],"series":[173],"residual":[175],"mapping":[176],"position":[179],"attention":[180],"module":[181],"devised":[183],"improve":[185],"shape":[187],"generated":[191],"characters.":[192],"whole":[194],"trained":[197],"so":[199],"optimize":[202],"performance.":[204],"Experiments":[205],"on":[206],"our":[207],"dataset,":[210],"benchmark":[211],"datasets":[212],"scene":[215],"show":[222],"that":[223],"outperforms":[227],"existing":[229],"methods":[235],"multilingual":[237],"cross-language":[239],"scenario.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}