{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376851255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3275535","title":"Toward 3D Face Reconstruction in Perspective Projection: Estimating 6DoF Face Pose From Monocular Image","display_name":"Toward 3D Face Reconstruction in Perspective Projection: Estimating 6DoF Face Pose From Monocular Image","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376851255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3275535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37192029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3275535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3275535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087450299","display_name":"Yueying Kao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yueying Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078843154","display_name":"Bowen Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-7433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771118","display_name":"Miao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8546-1889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research and State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research and State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046737860","display_name":"Jiangjing Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangjing Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632822","display_name":"Xiangyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-9677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research and State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research and State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000539048","display_name":"Yuanzhang Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318755","display_name":"Xiaobo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-0230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109299788","display_name":"Zhen Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research and State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China","Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research and State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087450299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95469551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"3080","last_page":"3091"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11322","display_name":"Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8119538426399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7664039134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7244160175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6660659313201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6548906564712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6174855828285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4875645041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.44458526372909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.4236759841442108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17818620800971985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8119538426399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7664039134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7244160175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6660659313201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6548906564712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6174855828285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4875645041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.44458526372909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.4236759841442108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17818620800971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3275535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3275535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37192029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37192029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7946490163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0140000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62794737","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1508960934","https://openalex.org/W1566413196","https://openalex.org/W1807911131","https://openalex.org/W1991544872","https://openalex.org/W2017107803","https://openalex.org/W2047875689","https://openalex.org/W2051297709","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2087007396","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2107037917","https://openalex.org/W2155211928","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2265959009","https://openalex.org/W2468014222","https://openalex.org/W2795709097","https://openalex.org/W2890264026","https://openalex.org/W2912817214","https://openalex.org/W2923153064","https://openalex.org/W2945729334","https://openalex.org/W2949662773","https://openalex.org/W2952080583","https://openalex.org/W2957744218","https://openalex.org/W2963253045","https://openalex.org/W2963342110","https://openalex.org/W2963644257","https://openalex.org/W2963756608","https://openalex.org/W2964014798","https://openalex.org/W2964171387","https://openalex.org/W2964449965","https://openalex.org/W2987400952","https://openalex.org/W2995318735","https://openalex.org/W3009516594","https://openalex.org/W3010001210","https://openalex.org/W3021962567","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3034798648","https://openalex.org/W3034986117","https://openalex.org/W3035413889","https://openalex.org/W3097586952","https://openalex.org/W3099505600","https://openalex.org/W3102427165","https://openalex.org/W3104300620","https://openalex.org/W3104792420","https://openalex.org/W3107992529","https://openalex.org/W3119574651","https://openalex.org/W3138379655","https://openalex.org/W3175906877","https://openalex.org/W3180794345","https://openalex.org/W3181238075","https://openalex.org/W3183842024","https://openalex.org/W3213346804","https://openalex.org/W3213946933","https://openalex.org/W4224929261","https://openalex.org/W4251749827","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4312590328","https://openalex.org/W4312726738","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6735920323","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6803376173","https://openalex.org/W6804592342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W2123263858","https://openalex.org/W2067569035","https://openalex.org/W2090985514","https://openalex.org/W3127959533","https://openalex.org/W4294967731","https://openalex.org/W2022566595","https://openalex.org/W2004988775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70],"3D":[1,81,100,114,147,165],"face":[2,29,39,82,101,124,148,166],"reconstruction,":[3],"orthogonal":[4],"projection":[5,13],"has":[6,158],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"employed":[9],"to":[10,14,43,63,75,97,129,140],"substitute":[11],"perspective":[12,68,85,131,155],"simplify":[15],"the":[16,24,38,48,51,55,64,67,77,108,118,142,152],"fitting":[17,61],"process.":[18],"This":[19],"approximation":[20],"performs":[21],"well":[22],"when":[23],"distance":[25],"between":[26,110],"camera":[27,44,49],"and":[28,58,106,113,144,168,189],"is":[30,40,95],"far":[31],"enough.":[32],"However,":[33],"in":[34,103],"some":[35],"scenarios":[36,153],"that":[37,176],"very":[41],"close":[42],"or":[45],"moving":[46],"along":[47],"axis,":[50],"methods":[52,182],"suffer":[53],"from":[54],"inaccurate":[56],"reconstruction":[57,83,149],"unstable":[59],"temporal":[60],"due":[62],"distortion":[65],"under":[66,84,151],"projection.":[69,86,132],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73,134],"aim":[74],"address":[76],"problem":[78],"of":[79,122,146,154],"single-image":[80],"Specifically,":[87],"a":[88,136,184],"deep":[89],"neural":[90],"network,":[91],"Perspective":[92],"Network":[93],"(PerspNet),":[94],"proposed":[96],"simultaneously":[98],"reconstruct":[99],"shape":[102],"canonical":[104],"space":[105],"learn":[107],"correspondence":[109],"2D":[111,160],"pixels":[112],"points,":[115],"by":[116,183],"which":[117,157],"6DoF":[119,170],"(6":[120],"Degrees":[121],"Freedom)":[123],"pose":[125,171],"can":[126],"be":[127],"estimated":[128],"represent":[130],"Besides,":[133],"contribute":[135],"large":[137],"ARKitFace":[138],"dataset":[139],"enable":[141],"training":[143],"evaluation":[145],"solutions":[150],"projection,":[156],"902,724":[159],"facial":[161],"images":[162],"with":[163],"ground-truth":[164],"mesh":[167],"annotated":[169],"parameters.":[172],"Experimental":[173],"results":[174],"show":[175],"our":[177],"approach":[178],"outperforms":[179],"current":[180],"state-of-the-art":[181],"significant":[185],"margin.":[186],"The":[187],"code":[188],"data":[190],"are":[191],"available":[192],"at":[193],"https://github.com/cbsropenproject/6dof_face.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}