{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376607917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","title":"Fast ACE (FACE): An Error-Bounded Approximation of Automatic Color Equalization","display_name":"Fast ACE (FACE): An Error-Bounded Approximation of Automatic Color Equalization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376607917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37186534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060216831","display_name":"Alice Plutino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-0783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alice Plutino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088977284","display_name":"Marco Tarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2301-3173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Tarini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060216831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64017403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"2786","last_page":"2799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6925457119941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5863521695137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.5798814296722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error","display_name":"Approximation error","score":0.5749450922012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5734789371490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5550035238265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5435653924942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5330195426940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5121955275535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.508892297744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.41392844915390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4111762046813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3829057514667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36461007595062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3579566776752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.09376761317253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08636912703514099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6925457119941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5863521695137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5798814296722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.5749450922012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5734789371490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5550035238265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5435653924942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5330195426940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5121955275535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.508892297744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.41392844915390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4111762046813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3829057514667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36461007595062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3579566776752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.09376761317253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08636912703514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37186534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37186534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/983168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10124856/keywords#keywords","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2023.3270770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1849007038","https://openalex.org/W1966454819","https://openalex.org/W1979161440","https://openalex.org/W1996293121","https://openalex.org/W2003191770","https://openalex.org/W2012146899","https://openalex.org/W2017875004","https://openalex.org/W2021501646","https://openalex.org/W2044264955","https://openalex.org/W2050620883","https://openalex.org/W2052921481","https://openalex.org/W2055724516","https://openalex.org/W2059289739","https://openalex.org/W2082862218","https://openalex.org/W2098064689","https://openalex.org/W2099525117","https://openalex.org/W2103828424","https://openalex.org/W2119588908","https://openalex.org/W2121579674","https://openalex.org/W2132713759","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2140565099","https://openalex.org/W2143425433","https://openalex.org/W2164847484","https://openalex.org/W2166434296","https://openalex.org/W2168604797","https://openalex.org/W2271799811","https://openalex.org/W2312666887","https://openalex.org/W2342561373","https://openalex.org/W2396105481","https://openalex.org/W2401564387","https://openalex.org/W2486303527","https://openalex.org/W2517256444","https://openalex.org/W2565907371","https://openalex.org/W2593907589","https://openalex.org/W2594635604","https://openalex.org/W2599149335","https://openalex.org/W2783504255","https://openalex.org/W2786206461","https://openalex.org/W2791368701","https://openalex.org/W2794745323","https://openalex.org/W2807784236","https://openalex.org/W2913973168","https://openalex.org/W2916750582","https://openalex.org/W2957717024","https://openalex.org/W2997104140","https://openalex.org/W3000164227","https://openalex.org/W3093304658","https://openalex.org/W3138218344","https://openalex.org/W3157563285","https://openalex.org/W4240737038","https://openalex.org/W4377984119","https://openalex.org/W6671328949","https://openalex.org/W6726717856","https://openalex.org/W6751818172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109083503","https://openalex.org/W2532935424","https://openalex.org/W2064052579","https://openalex.org/W2110817230","https://openalex.org/W3091355678","https://openalex.org/W1606488336","https://openalex.org/W1988569331","https://openalex.org/W4255193494","https://openalex.org/W189995875","https://openalex.org/W2284958355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,79],"present":[1],"an":[2,13,18],"efficient":[3],"algorithm":[4],"to":[5],"approximate":[6],"the":[7,21,39,51,67],"Automatic":[8],"Color":[9],"Equalization":[10],"(ACE)":[11],"of":[12,38,53,60,86],"input":[14],"color":[15],"image,":[16],"with":[17,50],"upper-bound":[19],"on":[20,29],"introduced":[22],"approximation":[23,74],"error.":[24],"The":[25],"computation":[26,59],"is":[27],"based":[28],"Summed":[30],"Area":[31],"Tables":[32],"and":[33,69],"a":[34,46,56,81],"carefully":[35],"optimized":[36],"partitioning":[37],"plane":[40],"into":[41],"rectangular":[42],"regions,":[43],"resulting":[44],"in":[45],"pseudo-linear":[47],"asymptotic":[48],"complexity":[49],"number":[52],"pixels":[54],"(against":[55],"quadratic":[57],"straightforward":[58],"ACE).":[61],"Our":[62],"experimental":[63],"evaluation":[64],"confirms":[65],"both":[66],"speedups":[68],"high":[70],"accuracy,":[71],"reaching":[72],"lower":[73],"errors":[75],"than":[76],"existing":[77],"approaches.":[78],"provide":[80],"publicly":[82],"available":[83],"reference":[84],"implementation":[85],"our":[87],"algorithm.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}