{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310596280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3222918","title":"PUFA-GAN: A Frequency-Aware Generative Adversarial Network for 3D Point Cloud Upsampling","display_name":"PUFA-GAN: A Frequency-Aware Generative Adversarial Network for 3D Point Cloud Upsampling","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310596280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3222918","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36417728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2022.3222918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3222918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2086/22304","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458860","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0246-2527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071576848","display_name":"Hui Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-3393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031957432","display_name":"Junhui Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3431-2021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhui Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025449942","display_name":"Raouf Hamzaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6699-7331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raouf Hamzaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050309466","display_name":"Wei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-5495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100458860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.3394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":328,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99917575,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"7389","last_page":"7402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.883277416229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7370574474334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.6944676041603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895790457725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.46592968702316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42830556631088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4178299903869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41420888900756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.333465039730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3308500647544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2931337058544159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.24626538157463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13999754190444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09977877140045166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.883277416229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7370574474334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.6944676041603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895790457725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.46592968702316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42830556631088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4178299903869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41420888900756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.333465039730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3308500647544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2931337058544159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.24626538157463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13999754190444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09977877140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2022.3222918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3222918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36417728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36417728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/22304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2086/22304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/22304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2086/22304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2034809489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022ZD38","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3025926847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4154848782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CityU11219422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6471963469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CityU11202320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7501441834","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"tsqn202103001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7867221944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8737991249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343636949","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1698699930","https://openalex.org/W1920022804","https://openalex.org/W1987985833","https://openalex.org/W1992642990","https://openalex.org/W2025973801","https://openalex.org/W2103420503","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2134815569","https://openalex.org/W2137531922","https://openalex.org/W2154385726","https://openalex.org/W2169611956","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2560722161","https://openalex.org/W2591997370","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2785325870","https://openalex.org/W2796426482","https://openalex.org/W2796431263","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2884154111","https://openalex.org/W2886499109","https://openalex.org/W2954930822","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963390820","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963680153","https://openalex.org/W2963735494","https://openalex.org/W2964024144","https://openalex.org/W2970633157","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2997337685","https://openalex.org/W3015436753","https://openalex.org/W3034247386","https://openalex.org/W3035467803","https://openalex.org/W3097718484","https://openalex.org/W3106699132","https://openalex.org/W3137466219","https://openalex.org/W3154557251","https://openalex.org/W3173823845","https://openalex.org/W3175676582","https://openalex.org/W3184736166","https://openalex.org/W3195732903","https://openalex.org/W3203197903","https://openalex.org/W3203756361","https://openalex.org/W4205850074","https://openalex.org/W4225279041","https://openalex.org/W4226401360","https://openalex.org/W4300687176","https://openalex.org/W4301206121","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6640300118","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6742627460","https://openalex.org/W6747899497","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6765779288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W3214732802","https://openalex.org/W3209202081","https://openalex.org/W4226324275","https://openalex.org/W3176213335","https://openalex.org/W4300237897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,117],"propose":[1,119],"a":[2,38,46,82],"generative":[3],"adversarial":[4],"network":[5,36],"for":[6,51],"point":[7,52,96,115,142,173],"cloud":[8,97],"upsampling,":[9,56],"which":[10],"can":[11],"not":[12],"only":[13],"make":[14,126],"the":[15,21,66,104,107,114,129,134,138,146,149,167,171,184],"upsampled":[16,130,150,172],"points":[17,102,131,151],"evenly":[18],"distributed":[19],"on":[20,133],"underlying":[22,135],"surface":[23,136],"but":[24],"also":[25,118],"efficiently":[26],"generate":[27,76],"clean":[28],"high":[29,89,94,100,110,153],"frequency":[30,90,101,111,154],"regions.":[31],"The":[32,58,92],"generator":[33],"of":[34,113,137,148,170,183],"our":[35,79,177],"includes":[37],"dynamic":[39],"graph":[40,83],"hierarchical":[41,47,73],"residual":[42,48],"aggregation":[43,49],"unit":[44,50],"and":[45,55,87,98,109,162],"feature":[53,70],"extraction":[54],"respectively.":[57],"former":[59],"extracts":[60],"multiscale":[61],"point-wise":[62],"descriptive":[63],"features,":[64],"while":[65],"latter":[67],"captures":[68],"rich":[69],"details":[71],"with":[72],"residuals.":[74],"To":[75,144],"neat":[77],"edges,":[78],"discriminator":[80,105],"uses":[81],"filter":[84],"to":[85,125],"extract":[86],"retain":[88],"points.":[91],"generated":[93,175],"resolution":[95,141],"corresponding":[99],"help":[103],"learn":[106],"global":[108],"properties":[112],"cloud.":[116,143],"an":[120],"identity":[121],"distribution":[122],"loss":[123],"function":[124],"sure":[127],"that":[128,166,182],"remain":[132],"input":[139],"low":[140],"assess":[145],"regularity":[147],"in":[152],"regions,":[155],"we":[156],"introduce":[157],"two":[158],"evaluation":[159],"metrics.":[160],"Objective":[161],"subjective":[163],"results":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"visual":[168],"quality":[169],"clouds":[174],"by":[176],"method":[178],"is":[179],"better":[180],"than":[181],"state-of-the-art":[185],"methods.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}