{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221038319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3141612","title":"Discrete and Parameter-Free Multiple Kernel <i>k</i>-Means","display_name":"Discrete and Parameter-Free Multiple Kernel <i>k</i>-Means","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221038319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3141612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35263253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2022.3141612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3141612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-6726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jitao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6065-2639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yihang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feiping Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-6519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiping Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, the School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96205422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"2796","last_page":"2808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.7311000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.7311000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.04650000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-kernel-learning","display_name":"Multiple kernel learning","score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.31869998574256897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5228999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776879701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25048660","display_name":"Multiple kernel learning","level":4,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195699287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915722","display_name":"Variable kernel density estimation","level":4,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2022.3141612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2022.3141612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35263253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35263253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1537487564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3280333285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2019KY0501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5919459539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JM-071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7324266398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018AAA0101902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7365858389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7761990065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61936014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53387266","https://openalex.org/W303668437","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1979089718","https://openalex.org/W1986007546","https://openalex.org/W2000769684","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2035979693","https://openalex.org/W2038101708","https://openalex.org/W2081549451","https://openalex.org/W2109743529","https://openalex.org/W2125687218","https://openalex.org/W2132205911","https://openalex.org/W2139280638","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2152478904","https://openalex.org/W2560185252","https://openalex.org/W2604114154","https://openalex.org/W2604120189","https://openalex.org/W2614970963","https://openalex.org/W2740184764","https://openalex.org/W2740354343","https://openalex.org/W2742098698","https://openalex.org/W2787220232","https://openalex.org/W2808201035","https://openalex.org/W2899604627","https://openalex.org/W2912580424","https://openalex.org/W2945288617","https://openalex.org/W2951019399","https://openalex.org/W2963961044","https://openalex.org/W2964169082","https://openalex.org/W2965510190","https://openalex.org/W2997247224","https://openalex.org/W2998124973","https://openalex.org/W3008561560","https://openalex.org/W3015778863","https://openalex.org/W3023700315","https://openalex.org/W3034607353","https://openalex.org/W3035070480","https://openalex.org/W3042615550","https://openalex.org/W3043317456","https://openalex.org/W3044063956","https://openalex.org/W3047432317","https://openalex.org/W3091192503","https://openalex.org/W3117265891","https://openalex.org/W3120213044","https://openalex.org/W3126793154","https://openalex.org/W3190216563","https://openalex.org/W4214536771","https://openalex.org/W4292157310","https://openalex.org/W6729761961","https://openalex.org/W6739101083","https://openalex.org/W6754327628","https://openalex.org/W6770261863"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"multiple":[1],"kernel":[2,19,151],"k":[3,20,110],"-means":[4,21,111],"(MKKM)":[5],"and":[6,39,58,83,106,156,182,216],"its":[7],"variants":[8],"utilize":[9],"complementary":[10],"information":[11,60,90],"from":[12],"different":[13],"sources,":[14,91],"achieving":[15],"better":[16],"performance":[17],"than":[18],"(KKM).":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,35,41,69,77,87,124,136,160,214,219],"optimization":[25,118,164],"procedures":[26],"of":[27,79,89,163,172,210,218],"most":[28,64],"previous":[29],"works":[30],"comprise":[31],"two":[32],"stages,":[33],"learning":[34],"continuous":[36],"relaxation":[37],"matrix":[38],"obtaining":[40],"discrete":[42],"one":[43],"by":[44,115,140,153],"extra":[45],"discretization":[46,130],"procedures.":[47],"Such":[48],"a":[49,55,103,143,208],"two-stage":[50],"strategy":[51],"gives":[52],"rise":[53],"to":[54,76,149,178],"mismatched":[56],"problem":[57],"severe":[59],"loss.":[61],"Even":[62],"worse,":[63],"existing":[65],"MKKM":[66],"methods":[67],"overlook":[68],"correlation":[70,137],"among":[71,138],"prespecified":[72],"kernels,":[73],"which":[74,120,146,176,196],"leads":[75],"fusion":[78,152],"mutually":[80],"redundant":[81],"kernels":[82,139],"bad":[84],"effects":[85],"on":[86,207],"diversity":[88],"finally":[92],"resulting":[93],"in":[94,200],"unsatisfying":[95],"results.":[96],"To":[97],"address":[98],"these":[99],"issues,":[100],"we":[101],"elaborate":[102],"novel":[104],"Discrete":[105],"Parameter-free":[107],"Multiple":[108],"Kernel":[109],"(DPMKKM)":[112],"model":[113,189],"solved":[114],"an":[116],"alternative":[117],"method,":[119],"can":[121,134],"directly":[122],"obtain":[123],"cluster":[125],"assignment":[126],"results":[127],"without":[128],"subsequent":[129],"procedure.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"DPMKKM":[133,221],"measure":[135],"implicitly":[141],"introducing":[142],"regularization":[144],"term,":[145],"is":[147,166,190],"able":[148],"enhance":[150],"reducing":[154],"redundancy":[155],"improving":[157],"diversity.":[158],"Noteworthily,":[159],"time":[161],"complexity":[162],"algorithm":[165,180],"successfully":[167],"reduced,":[168],"through":[169],"masterly":[170],"utilizing":[171],"coordinate":[173],"descent":[174],"technique,":[175],"contributes":[177],"higher":[179],"efficiency":[181],"broader":[183],"applications.":[184,202],"What's":[185],"more,":[186],"our":[187],"proposed":[188,220],"parameter-free":[191],"avoiding":[192],"intractable":[193],"hyperparameter":[194],"tuning,":[195],"makes":[197],"it":[198],"feasible":[199],"practical":[201],"Lastly,":[203],"extensive":[204],"experiments":[205],"conducted":[206],"number":[209],"real-world":[211],"datasets":[212],"illustrated":[213],"effectiveness":[215],"superiority":[217],"model.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}