{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209282909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3122102","title":"Meta-Knowledge Learning and Domain Adaptation for Unseen Background Subtraction","display_name":"Meta-Knowledge Learning and Domain Adaptation for Unseen Background Subtraction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209282909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3122102","mag":"3209282909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34714746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3122102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3122102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101659847","display_name":"Jin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-8828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167189","display_name":"Academy of Military Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/05nm40v04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhenjiang Campus, Army Military Transportation University of PLA, Zhenjiang 212003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-8828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhenjiang Campus, Army Military Transportation University of PLA, Zhenjiang 212003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672721","display_name":"Xi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1993-6031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389093","display_name":"Yanyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-6790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Command and Control Engineering College, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-6790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Command and Control Engineering College, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055496095","display_name":"Yexin Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-4773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167189","display_name":"Academy of Military Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/05nm40v04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yexin Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhenjiang Campus, Army Military Transportation University of PLA, Zhenjiang 212003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhenjiang Campus, Army Military Transportation University of PLA, Zhenjiang 212003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447990","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-0284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Command and Control Engineering College, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-0284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Command and Control Engineering College, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037669752","display_name":"Zhisong Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-7313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhisong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Command and Control Engineering College, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Command and Control Engineering College, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83523865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"9058","last_page":"9068"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8013577461242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.723181962966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.6357320547103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5394694209098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4577476382255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4485741853713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4318392276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.41822001338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3901531398296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35324758291244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.13613125681877136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8013577461242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.723181962966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.6357320547103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5394694209098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4577476382255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4485741853713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4318392276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41822001338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3901531398296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35324758291244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.13613125681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3122102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3122102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34714746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34714746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2635353653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806220]","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4683421875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653074768","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1967456674","https://openalex.org/W1994634851","https://openalex.org/W2033668463","https://openalex.org/W2040645214","https://openalex.org/W2067813398","https://openalex.org/W2127070222","https://openalex.org/W2150674727","https://openalex.org/W2192482140","https://openalex.org/W2417256080","https://openalex.org/W2464639584","https://openalex.org/W2525668722","https://openalex.org/W2598327980","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2713774261","https://openalex.org/W2737258237","https://openalex.org/W2751961297","https://openalex.org/W2759692151","https://openalex.org/W2767970498","https://openalex.org/W2768086131","https://openalex.org/W2774176625","https://openalex.org/W2783946051","https://openalex.org/W2805950667","https://openalex.org/W2811231677","https://openalex.org/W2886956694","https://openalex.org/W2894544906","https://openalex.org/W2901951655","https://openalex.org/W2903118147","https://openalex.org/W2947608396","https://openalex.org/W2955084925","https://openalex.org/W2962891614","https://openalex.org/W2963314874","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963892743","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2971113548","https://openalex.org/W2983488121","https://openalex.org/W2987728104","https://openalex.org/W3024617482","https://openalex.org/W3035003500","https://openalex.org/W3035160371","https://openalex.org/W3035990676","https://openalex.org/W3091002423","https://openalex.org/W3092053846","https://openalex.org/W3093858573","https://openalex.org/W3101795426","https://openalex.org/W3105220622","https://openalex.org/W3105536096","https://openalex.org/W3152141291","https://openalex.org/W3154934604","https://openalex.org/W3163842339","https://openalex.org/W4300179783","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6763578275","https://openalex.org/W6779101013","https://openalex.org/W6779520018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188430267","https://openalex.org/W2610698896","https://openalex.org/W2369265144","https://openalex.org/W4244119470","https://openalex.org/W28439884","https://openalex.org/W1583422155","https://openalex.org/W1649619740","https://openalex.org/W3213252596","https://openalex.org/W1534006406","https://openalex.org/W2165071883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"subtraction":[1,32,71],"is":[2,93,152],"a":[3,73,110,137,192,201],"classic":[4],"video":[5,15],"processing":[6,203],"task":[7],"pervading":[8],"in":[9,163],"numerous":[10],"visual":[11],"applications":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14,84],"surveillance":[16],"and":[17,23,80,108,155,207,213,223],"traffic":[18],"monitoring.":[19],"Given":[20],"the":[21,94,150,187,209],"diversity":[22],"variability":[24],"of":[25],"real":[26],"application":[27],"scenes,":[28,100],"an":[29,164],"ideal":[30],"background":[31,70,196],"model":[33],"should":[34],"be":[35,170],"robust":[36],"to":[37,51,53,67,98,115,195],"various":[38,123],"scenarios.":[39],"Even":[40],"though":[41],"deep-learning":[42],"approaches":[43],"have":[44],"demonstrated":[45],"unprecedented":[46],"improvements,":[47],"they":[48],"often":[49],"fail":[50],"generalize":[52],"unseen":[54,99,159,174,219],"scenarios,":[55],"thereby":[56],"less":[57],"suitable":[58],"for":[59,96,218],"extensive":[60],"deployment.":[61],"In":[62,133],"this":[63],"work,":[64],"we":[65,85,101,135],"propose":[66],"tackle":[68],"cross-scene":[69,124],"via":[72],"two-phase":[74],"framework":[75,168],"that":[76,87],"includes":[77],"meta-knowledge":[78,88,117],"learning":[79],"domain":[81,139],"adaptation.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"observe":[86],"(i.e.,":[89],"scene-independent":[90],"common":[91],"knowledge)":[92],"cornerstone":[95],"generalizing":[97],"draw":[102],"on":[103,143,173,178,186],"traditional":[104],"frame":[105],"differencing":[106],"algorithms":[107],"design":[109],"deep":[111],"difference":[112],"network":[113],"(DDN)":[114],"encode":[116],"especially":[118],"temporal":[119],"change":[120],"knowledge":[121],"from":[122],"data":[125],"(source":[126],"domain)":[127,162],"without":[128,176],"intermittent":[129],"foreground":[130],"motion":[131],"pattern.":[132],"addition,":[134],"explore":[136],"self-training":[138],"adaptation":[140],"strategy":[141],"based":[142],"iterative":[144],"evolution.":[145],"With":[146],"iteratively":[147],"updated":[148],"pseudo-labels,":[149],"DDN":[151],"continuously":[153],"fine-tuned":[154],"evolves":[156],"progressively":[157],"toward":[158],"scenes":[160,175,220],"(target":[161],"unsupervised":[165,211],"fashion.":[166],"Our":[167,198],"could":[169],"easily":[171],"deployed":[172],"relying":[177],"their":[179],"annotations.":[180],"As":[181],"evidenced":[182],"by":[183,221],"our":[184],"experiments":[185],"CDnet2014":[188],"dataset,":[189],"it":[190],"brings":[191],"significant":[193],"improvement":[194],"subtraction.":[197],"method":[199],"has":[200],"favorable":[202],"speed":[204],"(70":[205],"fps)":[206],"outperforms":[208],"best":[210],"algorithm":[212,216],"top":[214],"supervised":[215],"designed":[217],"9%":[222],"3%,":[224],"respectively.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
