{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179605112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3094739","title":"Non-Contact Heart Rate Estimation via Adaptive RGB/NIR Signal Fusion","display_name":"Non-Contact Heart Rate Estimation via Adaptive RGB/NIR Signal Fusion","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179605112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3094739","mag":"3179605112","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34260354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3094739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3094739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://tus.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000436","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037764555","display_name":"Kosuke Kurihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8315-8062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kosuke Kurihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014670116","display_name":"Daisuke Sugimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8305-9790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183594015","display_name":"Tsuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/027mg2511","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183594015"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Sugimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Tsuda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Tsuda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183594015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030884145","display_name":"Takayuki Hamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-8325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Hamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037764555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83777845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"6528","last_page":"6543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.8785244822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7891846895217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7005938291549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6500831246376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4370884597301483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4270324409008026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3762649595737457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.8785244822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7891846895217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7005938291549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6500831246376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4370884597301483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4270324409008026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3762649595737457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011674","descriptor_name":"Pulse","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011674","descriptor_name":"Pulse","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011674","descriptor_name":"Pulse","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3094739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3094739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34260354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34260354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:00881:0007319315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tus.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:00881:0007319315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tus.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2000436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573077480","https://openalex.org/W1984554603","https://openalex.org/W1986273245","https://openalex.org/W1988071329","https://openalex.org/W2002282659","https://openalex.org/W2003922338","https://openalex.org/W2008821584","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2016778993","https://openalex.org/W2022351629","https://openalex.org/W2029745771","https://openalex.org/W2044935899","https://openalex.org/W2060667206","https://openalex.org/W2069692225","https://openalex.org/W2069893715","https://openalex.org/W2072331803","https://openalex.org/W2082256210","https://openalex.org/W2083872334","https://openalex.org/W2108911881","https://openalex.org/W2123481509","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2134632857","https://openalex.org/W2135495802","https://openalex.org/W2139293067","https://openalex.org/W2149875516","https://openalex.org/W2151502878","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2218803975","https://openalex.org/W2292374408","https://openalex.org/W2296002454","https://openalex.org/W2313602734","https://openalex.org/W2344488933","https://openalex.org/W2472200183","https://openalex.org/W2520509592","https://openalex.org/W2529149089","https://openalex.org/W2566460263","https://openalex.org/W2583837639","https://openalex.org/W2609904211","https://openalex.org/W2661611317","https://openalex.org/W2750476984","https://openalex.org/W2766766681","https://openalex.org/W2793252297","https://openalex.org/W2807590430","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2891834928","https://openalex.org/W2892004916","https://openalex.org/W2893517024","https://openalex.org/W2896102525","https://openalex.org/W2898850655","https://openalex.org/W2898940198","https://openalex.org/W2902449706","https://openalex.org/W2903559293","https://openalex.org/W2963433879","https://openalex.org/W2970238056","https://openalex.org/W2970603430","https://openalex.org/W2970821245","https://openalex.org/W2971200605","https://openalex.org/W2979606970","https://openalex.org/W2980584869","https://openalex.org/W2981828152","https://openalex.org/W2982196965","https://openalex.org/W2986906199","https://openalex.org/W2997072411","https://openalex.org/W3108080438","https://openalex.org/W3128263780","https://openalex.org/W6655867299","https://openalex.org/W6676128475","https://openalex.org/W6751633765","https://openalex.org/W6754123467","https://openalex.org/W6755677326","https://openalex.org/W6780593335","https://openalex.org/W6790552633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168109476","https://openalex.org/W2486460843","https://openalex.org/W2020254986","https://openalex.org/W1992540108","https://openalex.org/W2074225891","https://openalex.org/W1968121071","https://openalex.org/W2099421762","https://openalex.org/W2760769977","https://openalex.org/W2899662943","https://openalex.org/W2530546662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,23],"propose":[1],"a":[2,25,51],"non-contact":[3],"heart":[4],"rate":[5],"(HR)":[6],"estimation":[7,70,86],"method":[8,58],"that":[9,27],"is":[10,59],"robust":[11],"to":[12,38],"various":[13],"situations,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,105],"bright,":[17],"low-light,":[18],"and":[19,31,34,65,128,135],"varying":[20],"illumination":[21,77],"scenes.":[22,89],"utilize":[24,133],"camera":[26],"records":[28],"red,":[29],"green,":[30],"blue":[32],"(RGB)":[33],"near-infrared":[35],"(NIR)":[36],"information":[37],"capture":[39],"the":[40,47,60,73,112,119,122,126,144,147],"subtle":[41],"skin":[42],"color":[43],"changes":[44,113],"induced":[45],"by":[46],"cardiac":[48],"pulse":[49],"of":[50,56,63,75,111,146],"person.":[52],"The":[53,141],"key":[54],"novelty":[55],"our":[57],"adaptive":[61],"fusion":[62],"RGB":[64,79,97,134],"NIR":[66,91,136],"signals":[67,80,92,98],"for":[68,84,138],"HR":[69,85,139],"based":[71],"on":[72],"analysis":[74],"background":[76,115,127],"variations.":[78],"are":[81,93],"suitable":[82],"indicators":[83],"in":[87,99,114],"bright":[88],"Conversely,":[90],"more":[94,102],"reliable":[95],"than":[96],"scenes":[100],"with":[101],"complex":[103],"illumination,":[104],"they":[106],"can":[107],"be":[108],"captured":[109],"independently":[110],"illumination.":[116],"By":[117],"measuring":[118],"correlations":[120],"between":[121],"lights":[123],"reflected":[124],"from":[125],"facial":[129],"regions,":[130],"we":[131],"adaptively":[132],"observations":[137],"estimation.":[140],"experiments":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"effectiveness":[145],"proposed":[148],"method.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
