{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169909914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3086595","title":"Multi-Stage Degradation Homogenization for Super-Resolution of Face Images With Extreme Degradations","display_name":"Multi-Stage Degradation Homogenization for Super-Resolution of Face Images With Extreme Degradations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169909914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3086595","mag":"3169909914","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34110993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3086595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3086595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334644","display_name":"Liang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-4738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004164569","display_name":"Jinshan Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-9507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinshan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087165831","display_name":"Junjun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-505X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462825","display_name":"Jiawei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128910","display_name":"Group Sense (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/036wd5777","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128910"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SenseTime Research, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SenseTime Research, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027802291","display_name":"Zhen Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1862-4781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079937813","display_name":"Linchao Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-3754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linchao Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100334644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78918709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"5600","last_page":"5612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6750549674034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6124880313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5826443433761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5218825936317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogenization","display_name":"Homogenization (climate)","score":0.49563491344451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45802128314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.42976659536361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4276224374771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.38353556394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2447555661201477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6750549674034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6124880313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5826443433761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5218825936317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778722038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17030643","display_name":"Homogenization (climate)","level":3,"score":0.49563491344451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45802128314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.42976659536361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4276224374771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.38353556394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2447555661201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3086595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3086595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34110993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34110993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/e8522d9e-1518-4e5e-9971-83da69f03cf0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/e8522d9e-1518-4e5e-9971-83da69f03cf0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chen , L , Pan , J , Jiang , J , Zhang , J , Han , Z & Bao , L 2021 , ' Multi-Stage Degradation Homogenization for Super-Resolution of Face Images With Extreme Degradations ' , IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , vol. 30 , 9451563 , pp. 5600-5612 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2021.3086595","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1126053830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30920041109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G144503227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3128236903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072347","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4410339457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019J01271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4810771119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019J05060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6163493852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G654664898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7872219757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1805262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8273014382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018AAA0102001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G860262076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21106246","https://openalex.org/W1484953274","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1979552754","https://openalex.org/W1985436611","https://openalex.org/W1999457380","https://openalex.org/W2003749430","https://openalex.org/W2027325144","https://openalex.org/W2049579898","https://openalex.org/W2067023690","https://openalex.org/W2078301312","https://openalex.org/W2096027770","https://openalex.org/W2103871101","https://openalex.org/W2118963448","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2134545995","https://openalex.org/W2140163712","https://openalex.org/W2141631520","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2168996682","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2295100641","https://openalex.org/W2404650843","https://openalex.org/W2534320940","https://openalex.org/W2570189907","https://openalex.org/W2619170298","https://openalex.org/W2741976748","https://openalex.org/W2790508633","https://openalex.org/W2790630725","https://openalex.org/W2883638418","https://openalex.org/W2901502713","https://openalex.org/W2904835235","https://openalex.org/W2913036400","https://openalex.org/W2943314296","https://openalex.org/W2945166789","https://openalex.org/W2952489930","https://openalex.org/W2962931900","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963583792","https://openalex.org/W2963676087","https://openalex.org/W2964167901","https://openalex.org/W2988058144","https://openalex.org/W3104862300","https://openalex.org/W3106746951","https://openalex.org/W4205467938","https://openalex.org/W6659004707","https://openalex.org/W6680208309","https://openalex.org/W6696806764","https://openalex.org/W6788757213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104620528","https://openalex.org/W140119233","https://openalex.org/W2757910772","https://openalex.org/W4249473811","https://openalex.org/W2394422079","https://openalex.org/W2025913943","https://openalex.org/W1492688905","https://openalex.org/W2524071042","https://openalex.org/W2005223122","https://openalex.org/W2801208768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"Super-Resolution":[1],"(FSR)":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,88,94,115,129,170],"infer":[5],"High-Resolution":[6],"(HR)":[7],"face":[8,15,32],"images":[9,33,188,194],"from":[10],"the":[11,18,30,39,45,50,60,67,111,117,131,134,138,144,156,159,163,185,190,202,206,209,213],"captured":[12,34],"Low-Resolution":[13],"(LR)":[14],"image":[16,83,164],"with":[17,35,178],"assistance":[19],"of":[20,158,208],"external":[21],"information.":[22],"Existing":[23],"FSR":[24,118],"methods":[25],"are":[26],"less":[27],"effective":[28],"for":[29,110],"LR":[31,58,69,103,187],"serious":[36,149],"low-quality":[37],"since":[38],"huge":[40],"imaging/degradation":[41],"gap":[42,132],"caused":[43],"by":[44],"different":[46],"imaging":[47,53,63],"scenarios":[48],"(i.e.,":[49],"complex":[51,135],"practical":[52],"scenario":[54],"that":[55,65,167],"generates":[56,66],"test":[57],"images,":[59],"simple":[61,139],"manual":[62],"degradation":[64,136,171],"training":[68],"images)":[70],"is":[71,168],"not":[72],"considered":[73],"in":[74,102,119],"these":[75,180],"algorithms.":[76],"In":[77,92],"this":[78,90],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,97,161],"propose":[81,98],"an":[82],"homogenization":[84,100,182],"strategy":[85],"via":[86],"re-expression":[87,127],"solve":[89],"problem.":[91],"contrast":[93],"existing":[95],"methods,":[96],"a":[99,120,126],"projection":[101,114],"space":[104,107],"and":[105,137,151,189,198],"HR":[106,193],"as":[108,148,173],"compensation":[109],"classical":[112],"LR/HR":[113],"formulate":[116],"multi-stage":[121],"framework.":[122],"We":[123],"then":[124],"develop":[125],"process":[128],"bridge":[130],"between":[133],"degradation,":[140],"which":[141,179],"can":[142],"remove":[143],"heterogeneous":[145],"factors":[146],"such":[147],"noise":[150],"blur.":[152],"To":[153],"further":[154],"improve":[155],"accuracy":[157],"homogenization,":[160],"extract":[162],"patch":[165],"set":[166],"invariant":[169],"changes":[172],"Robust":[174],"Neighbor":[175],"Resources":[176],"(RNR),":[177],"two":[181],"projections":[183],"re-express":[184],"input":[186],"initial":[191],"inferred":[192],"successively.":[195],"Both":[196],"quantitative":[197],"qualitative":[199],"results":[200],"on":[201],"public":[203],"datasets":[204],"demonstrate":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"proposed":[210],"algorithm":[211],"against":[212],"state-of-the-art":[214],"methods.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}