{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169396366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3084101","title":"Defocus Blur Detection via Boosting Diversity of Deep Ensemble Networks","display_name":"Defocus Blur Detection via Boosting Diversity of Deep Ensemble Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169396366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3084101","mag":"3169396366","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34097609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3084101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3084101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010642607","display_name":"Wenda Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenda Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009457429","display_name":"Xueqing Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqing Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101509529","display_name":"You He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-340X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University, Yantai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006986293","display_name":"Huchuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-9758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huchuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010642607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9278815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"5426","last_page":"5438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.8128520250320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7601807117462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5989906787872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5951941013336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4653393030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.44703686237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4329545199871063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.4241040349006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2798060178756714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.8128520250320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7601807117462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5989906787872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5951941013336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4653393030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.44703686237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4329545199871063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.4241040349006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2798060178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3084101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3084101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34097609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34097609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1541624706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3883142132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5697882020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6247817811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1903215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1966253962","https://openalex.org/W2054203848","https://openalex.org/W2061119986","https://openalex.org/W2076118331","https://openalex.org/W2124951716","https://openalex.org/W2131297486","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233113827","https://openalex.org/W2244486986","https://openalex.org/W2292934097","https://openalex.org/W2338912670","https://openalex.org/W2401231614","https://openalex.org/W2509784510","https://openalex.org/W2604933682","https://openalex.org/W2620998106","https://openalex.org/W2776460497","https://openalex.org/W2778650015","https://openalex.org/W2780643544","https://openalex.org/W2789758093","https://openalex.org/W2791383351","https://openalex.org/W2798489385","https://openalex.org/W2798999055","https://openalex.org/W2799247888","https://openalex.org/W2808442315","https://openalex.org/W2889625178","https://openalex.org/W2898270005","https://openalex.org/W2900081457","https://openalex.org/W2900756836","https://openalex.org/W2925753896","https://openalex.org/W2948988617","https://openalex.org/W2953308748","https://openalex.org/W2954432404","https://openalex.org/W2961343177","https://openalex.org/W2962723992","https://openalex.org/W2962843811","https://openalex.org/W2962891704","https://openalex.org/W2962945654","https://openalex.org/W2963211188","https://openalex.org/W2963727650","https://openalex.org/W2963819848","https://openalex.org/W2964017153","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2975221988","https://openalex.org/W2978762605","https://openalex.org/W2982392870","https://openalex.org/W2988205463","https://openalex.org/W2997475996","https://openalex.org/W3047791393","https://openalex.org/W3097344417","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6678735051","https://openalex.org/W6738045163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1807784185","https://openalex.org/W2003125512","https://openalex.org/W1909207154","https://openalex.org/W3036530763","https://openalex.org/W3149839747","https://openalex.org/W2905156999","https://openalex.org/W4319777965","https://openalex.org/W4318751837","https://openalex.org/W1514365828","https://openalex.org/W2940612870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"defocus":[1,16,53],"blur":[2,17,54],"detection":[3,85],"(DBD)":[4],"methods":[5],"usually":[6],"explore":[7],"multi-scale":[8],"and":[9,103,136,163,174,187,211,214],"multi-level":[10],"features":[11,162,167,183],"to":[12,56,60,127],"improve":[13],"performance.":[14,198],"However,":[15],"regions":[18],"normally":[19],"have":[20],"incomplete":[21],"semantic":[22,70],"information,":[23],"which":[24,108],"will":[25],"reduce":[26],"DBD's":[27],"performance":[28],"if":[29],"it":[30],"can't":[31],"be":[32],"used":[33],"properly.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,49,92,152],"address":[39],"the":[40,58,143,149,157,196,202,205],"above":[41],"problem":[42],"by":[43,142,155,181],"exploring":[44,156],"deep":[45,95],"ensemble":[46,83,96,100,105,164,173],"networks,":[47],"where":[48],"boost":[50],"diversity":[51,112,158],"of":[52,159,166,209],"detectors":[55],"force":[57],"network":[59,101,106,126],"generate":[61,128],"diverse":[62,81,129],"results":[63,130,200],"that":[64],"some":[65,73],"rely":[66,75],"more":[67,76],"on":[68,77,110],"high-level":[69],"information":[71],"while":[72,113],"ones":[74],"low-level":[78],"information.":[79],"Then,":[80],"result":[82],"makes":[84],"errors":[86],"cancel":[87],"out":[88],"each":[89],"other.":[90],"Specifically,":[91],"propose":[93,153],"two":[94],"networks":[97],"(e.g.,":[98,168],"adaptive":[99],"(AENet)":[102],"encoder-feature":[104],"(EFENet)),":[107],"focus":[109],"boosting":[111],"costing":[114],"less":[115,185],"computation.":[116,137],"AENet":[117,138],"constructs":[118],"different":[119],"light-weight":[120],"sequential":[121],"adapters":[122],"for":[123],"one":[124],"backbone":[125],"without":[131],"introducing":[132],"too":[133],"many":[134],"parameters":[135],"is":[139,179],"optimized":[140],"only":[141],"self-":[144],"negative":[145],"correlation":[146],"loss.":[147],"On":[148],"other":[150],"hand,":[151],"EFENet":[154],"multiple":[160],"encoded":[161,182],"strategies":[165],"group-channel":[169],"uniformly":[170],"weighted":[171,176],"average":[172],"self-gate":[175],"ensemble).":[177],"Diversity":[178],"represented":[180],"with":[184],"parameters,":[186],"a":[188],"simple":[189],"mean":[190],"squared":[191],"error":[192],"loss":[193],"can":[194],"achieve":[195],"superior":[197],"Experimental":[199],"demonstrate":[201],"superiority":[203],"over":[204],"state-of-the-arts":[206],"in":[207],"terms":[208],"accuracy":[210],"speed.":[212],"Codes":[213],"models":[215],"are":[216],"available":[217],"at:":[218],"https://github.com/wdzhao123/DENets.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
