{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154061064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3073285","title":"Neutral Cross-Entropy Loss Based Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Neutral Cross-Entropy Loss Based Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154061064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3073285","mag":"3154061064","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33877973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3073285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3073285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101977396","display_name":"Hanqing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-7615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-7615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009256880","display_name":"Ming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-9137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-9137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044739473","display_name":"Liuyuan Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-1827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuyuan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-1827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030832323","display_name":"Yeqiang Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-8702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeqiang Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-8702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048517656","display_name":"Chunxiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96343331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"4516","last_page":"4525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.609082818031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5893279314041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-entropy","display_name":"Cross entropy","score":0.5795414447784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5300464630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5229547619819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.4635068476200104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43975698947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.427101731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.4177534580230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32028791308403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.08971020579338074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.609082818031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5893279314041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1685498","display_name":"Cross entropy","level":3,"score":0.5795414447784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5300464630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5229547619819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.4635068476200104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43975698947906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.427101731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.4177534580230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32028791308403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.08971020579338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3073285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3073285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33877973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33877973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6959257340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1764264/61873165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92894758","https://openalex.org/W1710476689","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2129068307","https://openalex.org/W2145494108","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2293363371","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2431080869","https://openalex.org/W2431874326","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2562192638","https://openalex.org/W2762439315","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2793888044","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2891602716","https://openalex.org/W2895281799","https://openalex.org/W2924984885","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962808524","https://openalex.org/W2963073217","https://openalex.org/W2963107255","https://openalex.org/W2963120918","https://openalex.org/W2963419596","https://openalex.org/W2963435192","https://openalex.org/W2963865469","https://openalex.org/W2963890956","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2972285644","https://openalex.org/W2981512393","https://openalex.org/W2985406498","https://openalex.org/W2990500698","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W4384306313","https://openalex.org/W6603760306","https://openalex.org/W6637568146","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6678975374","https://openalex.org/W6681588610","https://openalex.org/W6717772578","https://openalex.org/W6730623217","https://openalex.org/W6746282794","https://openalex.org/W6760618968","https://openalex.org/W6765939562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W2583180462","https://openalex.org/W4210740391","https://openalex.org/W2944415726","https://openalex.org/W3186841937","https://openalex.org/W4287010045","https://openalex.org/W2994927414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,172],"generalization":[1,100],"performance":[2,58],"for":[3],"semantic":[4],"segmentation":[5],"remains":[6],"a":[7,108],"major":[8],"challenge":[9],"when":[10],"the":[11,15,30,44,48,52,63,69,77,81,84,87,115,119,125,131,142,148,158,168,176,189],"data":[12],"distributions":[13],"between":[14],"source":[16],"and":[17,40,134],"target":[18],"domain":[19,22],"mismatch.":[20],"Unsupervised":[21],"adaptation":[23],"(UDA)":[24],"approaches":[25],"are":[26],"proposed":[27,177],"to":[28,98,118],"mitigate":[29],"problem":[31],"above,":[32],"among":[33],"which":[34,72,113],"entropy-minimization-based":[35],"methods":[36,45,182],"have":[37,56],"gained":[38],"more":[39,41],"attention.":[42],"However,":[43],"merely":[46],"follow":[47],"cluster":[49],"assumption":[50],"sharpening":[51],"prediction":[53,70],"distribution,":[54,71],"thus":[55],"limited":[57,99],"improvement.":[59],"Without":[60],"additional":[61],"priors,":[62],"entropy":[64,88,145],"loss":[65,89,128],"can":[66],"easily":[67],"over-sharpen":[68],"brings":[73],"noisy":[74],"information":[75],"into":[76],"learning":[78],"process.":[79],"On":[80],"other":[82],"hand,":[83],"gradient":[85,159],"of":[86,144,151],"is":[90,164],"strongly":[91],"biased":[92],"toward":[93,161],"easy":[94,162],"samples,":[95],"also":[96,155],"leading":[97],"advances.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105,123],"firstly":[106],"propose":[107,124],"pixel-level":[109],"consistency":[110,132,152],"regularization":[111],"method,":[112],"introduces":[114],"smoothness":[116],"prior":[117],"UDA":[120],"problem.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"neutral":[126,169],"cross-entropy":[127,170],"based":[129],"on":[130],"regularization,":[133],"reveal":[135],"that":[136,157,175],"its":[137],"internal":[138],"neutralization":[139],"mechanism":[140],"mitigates":[141],"over-sharpness":[143],"minimization":[146],"via":[147,167],"flatness":[149],"effect":[150],"regularization.":[153],"We":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"bias":[160],"samples":[163],"inherently":[165],"tackled":[166],"loss.":[171],"experiments":[173],"show":[174],"method":[178],"has":[179],"outperformed":[180],"state-of-the-art":[181],"in":[183],"two":[184],"synthetic-to-real":[185],"experiments,":[186],"only":[187],"using":[188],"lightweight":[190],"network.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
