{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3142500263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3069318","title":"A Gated Recurrent Network With Dual Classification Assistance for Smoke Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"A Gated Recurrent Network With Dual Classification Assistance for Smoke Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3142500263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3069318","mag":"3142500263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33798085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3069318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3069318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024606637","display_name":"Feiniu Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-1481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21945476","display_name":"Shanghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cxqmw89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feiniu Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China","Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Education and Big Data, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Education and Big Data, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351904","display_name":"Lin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-9525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41317344","display_name":"Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1zkp10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41317344"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41317344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662160","display_name":"Xue Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-7151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066148256","display_name":"Qinghua Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-6940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943753","display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024606637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99398451,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"4409","last_page":"4422"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7111880779266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7015547752380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6209595203399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoke","display_name":"Smoke","score":0.6040775775909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.5544565916061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5284001231193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.49659258127212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4807181656360626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4664228558540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4557478129863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.44693243503570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42245692014694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15486252307891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1418602168560028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07884719967842102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7111880779266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7015547752380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6209595203399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.6040775775909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5544565916061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5284001231193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49659258127212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4807181656360626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4664228558540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4557478129863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.44693243503570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42245692014694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15486252307891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1418602168560028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07884719967842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3069318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3069318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33798085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33798085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1845199679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61862029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1909234690","https://openalex.org/W1922658220","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2013300501","https://openalex.org/W2042634646","https://openalex.org/W2053529786","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2214210659","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2339589954","https://openalex.org/W2344001629","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2561585794","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2593403058","https://openalex.org/W2598666589","https://openalex.org/W2601686579","https://openalex.org/W2605127024","https://openalex.org/W2623546809","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2746174042","https://openalex.org/W2750515003","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2756554574","https://openalex.org/W2757028014","https://openalex.org/W2767352048","https://openalex.org/W2775906317","https://openalex.org/W2777737607","https://openalex.org/W2778764040","https://openalex.org/W2782364420","https://openalex.org/W2793788053","https://openalex.org/W2794499044","https://openalex.org/W2796299567","https://openalex.org/W2798556392","https://openalex.org/W2798791840","https://openalex.org/W2799166040","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2799217622","https://openalex.org/W2803990755","https://openalex.org/W2885621364","https://openalex.org/W2892068485","https://openalex.org/W2892750142","https://openalex.org/W2895089584","https://openalex.org/W2895420332","https://openalex.org/W2901853555","https://openalex.org/W2906161342","https://openalex.org/W2921536280","https://openalex.org/W2926429807","https://openalex.org/W2927326930","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963166928","https://openalex.org/W2963253279","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963548592","https://openalex.org/W2963815618","https://openalex.org/W2963840241","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963983744","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2970146048","https://openalex.org/W2980784832","https://openalex.org/W2982182858","https://openalex.org/W3002301267","https://openalex.org/W3101507774","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6688096758","https://openalex.org/W6696085341","https://openalex.org/W6697925102","https://openalex.org/W6734303423","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6749923946","https://openalex.org/W6749996660","https://openalex.org/W6754190347","https://openalex.org/W6754676249","https://openalex.org/W6754808139","https://openalex.org/W6754846616","https://openalex.org/W6760960647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022849497","https://openalex.org/W3081299480","https://openalex.org/W2407190427","https://openalex.org/W2919210741","https://openalex.org/W2907584218","https://openalex.org/W3002446410","https://openalex.org/W4390224712","https://openalex.org/W4322096758","https://openalex.org/W2748667022","https://openalex.org/W3211770882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smoke":[0],"has":[1],"semi-transparency":[2],"property":[3],"leading":[4],"to":[5,86,90,109,142],"highly":[6],"complicated":[7],"mixture":[8],"of":[9,34,148,178],"background":[10],"and":[11,20,60,166,195,206],"smoke.":[12,81],"Sparse":[13],"or":[14,153],"small":[15,152],"smoke":[16,36,54,59,66,193,205],"is":[17,23,85,108],"visually":[18],"inconspicuous,":[19],"its":[21],"boundary":[22],"often":[24],"ambiguous.":[25],"These":[26],"reasons":[27],"result":[28,113],"in":[29],"a":[30,38,47,65,101,158,167],"very":[31],"challenging":[32,201],"task":[33],"separating":[35],"from":[37],"single":[39],"image.":[40],"To":[41,57,150],"solve":[42],"these":[43],"problems,":[44],"we":[45,63,134,156],"propose":[46],"Classification-assisted":[48],"Gated":[49],"Recurrent":[50],"Network":[51],"(CGRNet)":[52],"for":[53,80,96,117,173],"semantic":[55],"segmentation.":[56],"discriminate":[58],"smoke-like":[61,207],"objects,":[62],"present":[64],"segmentation":[67,94,112,132],"strategy":[68],"with":[69,203],"dual":[70,121],"classification":[71,74,103,122],"assistance.":[72],"Our":[73],"module":[75,95,140],"outputs":[76],"two":[77],"prediction":[78],"probabilities":[79],"The":[82,105],"first":[83],"assistance":[84,123],"use":[87],"one":[88,107],"probability":[89,116],"explicitly":[91],"regulate":[92],"the":[93,111,131,144,175],"accuracy":[97],"improvement":[98],"by":[99,114],"supervising":[100],"cross-entropy":[102],"loss.":[104],"second":[106],"multiply":[110],"another":[115],"further":[118],"refinement.":[119],"This":[120],"greatly":[124],"improves":[125],"performance":[126],"at":[127],"image":[128],"level.":[129],"In":[130],"module,":[133],"design":[135,157],"an":[136],"Attention":[137],"Convolutional":[138],"GRU":[139],"(Att-ConvGRU)":[141],"learn":[143],"long-range":[145],"context":[146],"dependence":[147],"features.":[149],"perceive":[151],"inconspicuous":[154,204],"smoke,":[155],"Multi-scale":[159],"Context":[160],"Contrasted":[161],"Local":[162],"Feature":[163],"structure":[164],"(MCCL)":[165],"Dense":[168],"Pyramid":[169],"Pooling":[170],"Module":[171],"(DPPM)":[172],"improving":[174],"representation":[176],"ability":[177],"our":[179,185],"network.":[180],"Extensive":[181],"experiments":[182],"validate":[183],"that":[184],"method":[186],"significantly":[187],"outperforms":[188],"existing":[189],"state-of-art":[190],"algorithms":[191],"on":[192,200],"datasets,":[194],"also":[196],"obtain":[197],"satisfactory":[198],"results":[199],"images":[202],"objects.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}