{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127393268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3055062","title":"Multi-Sentence Auxiliary Adversarial Networks for Fine-Grained Text-to-Image Synthesis","display_name":"Multi-Sentence Auxiliary Adversarial Networks for Fine-Grained Text-to-Image Synthesis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127393268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3055062","mag":"3127393268","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33531300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3055062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3055062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035747364","display_name":"Yanhua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435738","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-896X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078372093","display_name":"De Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-0898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015874725","display_name":"Cheng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-3247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-3247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074103823","display_name":"Dacheng Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-5449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dacheng Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney at Darlington, Darlington, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-5449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney at Darlington, Darlington, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96618615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"2798","last_page":"2809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7989872694015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7035925984382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6919024586677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6347949504852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6184375286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.6134939193725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.5315967202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.517454206943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5161860585212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.48091527819633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47659510374069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.46976304054260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4448709189891815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4411514699459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.41312333941459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40684887766838074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7989872694015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7035925984382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6919024586677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6347949504852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6184375286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.6134939193725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.5315967202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.517454206943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5161860585212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.48091527819633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47659510374069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.46976304054260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4448709189891815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4411514699459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.41312333941459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40684887766838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2021.3055062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3055062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33531300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33531300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4470460840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0104100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5089867355","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u8bed\u8a00\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5711944514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP-180103424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7519899501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FL-170100117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1928906481","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2129525244","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2267126114","https://openalex.org/W2405756170","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2548275288","https://openalex.org/W2575842049","https://openalex.org/W2598991778","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2765268259","https://openalex.org/W2767989436","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2807931652","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2887272576","https://openalex.org/W2891894830","https://openalex.org/W2899341487","https://openalex.org/W2903838325","https://openalex.org/W2905434858","https://openalex.org/W2950776302","https://openalex.org/W2953318193","https://openalex.org/W2954930822","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962845008","https://openalex.org/W2963047368","https://openalex.org/W2963090248","https://openalex.org/W2963143316","https://openalex.org/W2963163163","https://openalex.org/W2963373786","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963413689","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963612019","https://openalex.org/W2963966654","https://openalex.org/W2963981733","https://openalex.org/W2964024144","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2965289598","https://openalex.org/W2966792645","https://openalex.org/W2970127127","https://openalex.org/W2970562079","https://openalex.org/W2972328244","https://openalex.org/W2986510250","https://openalex.org/W2987809065","https://openalex.org/W3008062779","https://openalex.org/W3009811209","https://openalex.org/W3029442767","https://openalex.org/W3097996169","https://openalex.org/W4301206121","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640376812","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6683074461","https://openalex.org/W6713645886","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6729482032","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6746213830","https://openalex.org/W6752285806","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6753074096","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6767137312","https://openalex.org/W6767384525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3156291593","https://openalex.org/W3178813832","https://openalex.org/W3198184493","https://openalex.org/W4206598283","https://openalex.org/W3037184111","https://openalex.org/W2901368259","https://openalex.org/W4312525628","https://openalex.org/W4367663675","https://openalex.org/W4283579220","https://openalex.org/W3024419957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,52,131,157],"the":[2,27,37,47,57,84,90,98,105,122,133,141,144,173,178,197],"development":[3],"of":[4,93,143,180],"Generative":[5,75],"Adversarial":[6,76],"Networks":[7,77],"(GANs),":[8],"significant":[9,53],"progress":[10],"has":[11],"been":[12],"achieved":[13],"in":[14,61,129,172],"text-to-image":[15,70],"synthesis":[16],"task.":[17],"However,":[18],"most":[19],"previous":[20],"works":[21],"have":[22],"only":[23,82],"focus":[24],"on":[25,186],"learning":[26],"semantic":[28,38,99,123],"consistency":[29],"between":[30,40,101,125,135],"paired":[31],"images":[32,138],"and":[33,115,139,176,188],"sentences,":[34],"without":[35],"exploring":[36,97],"correlation":[39,100,124],"different":[41,102],"yet":[42],"related":[43,94,127],"sentences":[44,95,103,128],"that":[45,120,192],"describe":[46],"same":[48,106],"image,":[49],"which":[50,165],"leads":[51],"visual":[54],"variation":[55,134],"among":[56],"synthesized":[58],"images.":[59],"Accordingly,":[60],"this":[62,79],"article,":[63],"we":[64,110],"propose":[65,111],"a":[66,112,148],"new":[67],"method":[68],"for":[69,163],"synthesis,":[71],"dubbed":[72],"Multi-sentence":[73,116],"Auxiliary":[74],"(MA-GAN);":[78],"approach":[80],"not":[81],"improves":[83],"generation":[85,91,179],"quality":[86],"but":[87],"also":[88],"guarantees":[89],"similarity":[92],"by":[96],"describing":[104],"image.":[107],"More":[108],"specifically,":[109],"Single-sentence":[113],"Generation":[114],"Discrimination":[117],"(SGMD)":[118],"module":[119],"explores":[121],"multiple":[126],"order":[130],"reduce":[132],"their":[136],"generated":[137,145],"enhance":[140],"reliability":[142],"results.":[146,183],"Moreover,":[147],"Progressive":[149],"Negative":[150],"Sample":[151],"Selection":[152],"mechanism":[153],"(PNSS)":[154],"is":[155],"designed":[156],"mine":[158],"more":[159,181],"suitable":[160],"negative":[161],"samples":[162],"training,":[164],"can":[166],"effectively":[167],"promote":[168],"detailed":[169],"discrimination":[170],"ability":[171],"generative":[174],"model":[175],"facilitate":[177],"fine-grained":[182],"Extensive":[184],"experiments":[185],"Oxford-102":[187],"CUB":[189],"datasets":[190],"reveal":[191],"our":[193],"MA-GAN":[194],"significantly":[195],"outperforms":[196],"state-of-the-art":[198],"methods.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
