{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081131687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.3018261","title":"An \u03b1-Matte Boundary Defocus Model-Based Cascaded Network for Multi-Focus Image Fusion","display_name":"An \u03b1-Matte Boundary Defocus Model-Based Cascaded Network for Multi-Focus Image Fusion","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081131687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.3018261","mag":"3081131687","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32845840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2020.3018261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.3018261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024437999","display_name":"Haoyu Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009239895","display_name":"Qingmin Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingmin Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103090772","display_name":"Juncheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-7312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juncheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616225","display_name":"Shaojun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-9301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079361172","display_name":"Jing\u2010Hao Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-610X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Hao Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024437999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97726229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"8668","last_page":"8679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.7382574081420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.7373766899108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7273311614990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.7239440083503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.7147810459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6943923234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6890878677368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.634179413318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5369111895561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3408030569553375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1679936945438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12457138299942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07198578119277954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.7382574081420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.7373766899108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7273311614990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.7239440083503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7147810459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6943923234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6890878677368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.634179413318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5369111895561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3408030569553375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1679936945438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12457138299942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07198578119277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2020.3018261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.3018261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32845840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32845840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10108800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10108800/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , 29    pp. 8668-8679.   (2020)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5529815295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8142528893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0101001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597384804","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1969302881","https://openalex.org/W1999034606","https://openalex.org/W2002327166","https://openalex.org/W2009758395","https://openalex.org/W2025133197","https://openalex.org/W2039465985","https://openalex.org/W2039520532","https://openalex.org/W2046155154","https://openalex.org/W2074926543","https://openalex.org/W2089809277","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109815552","https://openalex.org/W2116702374","https://openalex.org/W2160956336","https://openalex.org/W2168783614","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2306859282","https://openalex.org/W2531301842","https://openalex.org/W2559870345","https://openalex.org/W2604469346","https://openalex.org/W2612135493","https://openalex.org/W2773950452","https://openalex.org/W2777967210","https://openalex.org/W2794731943","https://openalex.org/W2804743778","https://openalex.org/W2808885862","https://openalex.org/W2912126472","https://openalex.org/W2929873672","https://openalex.org/W2952327021","https://openalex.org/W3047464731","https://openalex.org/W3088623196","https://openalex.org/W3102517503","https://openalex.org/W3122238731","https://openalex.org/W6752788502","https://openalex.org/W6766902801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2919827088","https://openalex.org/W2391745328","https://openalex.org/W1971268144","https://openalex.org/W4214649316","https://openalex.org/W2554790198","https://openalex.org/W2725429296","https://openalex.org/W2788731446","https://openalex.org/W2095903272","https://openalex.org/W4390606538","https://openalex.org/W2204403038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Capturing":[0],"an":[1],"all-in-focus":[2,27],"image":[3,28,43],"with":[4,73,154],"a":[5,60,96,138],"single":[6],"camera":[7,17],"is":[8,18,29,66,103],"difficult":[9],"since":[10],"the":[11,16,26,53,74,84,93,114,117,146,149,155,158,164,168],"depth":[12],"of":[13,15,120,141,157],"field":[14],"usually":[19],"limited.":[20],"An":[21],"alternative":[22],"method":[23],"to":[24,30,68,108,135],"obtain":[25,47,137],"fuse":[31],"several":[32],"images":[33],"that":[34,153],"are":[35,133],"focused":[36],"at":[37],"different":[38],"depths.":[39],"However,":[40],"existing":[41],"multi-focus":[42],"fusion":[44,111,126,147],"methods":[45,170],"cannot":[46],"clear":[48],"results":[49,112],"for":[50,81,124],"areas":[51,82],"near":[52,83,148],"focused/defocused":[54],"boundary":[55,63,128,161],"(FDB).":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58,88],"paper,":[59],"novel":[61],"\u03b1-matte":[62,89,160],"defocus":[64,75,90,162],"model":[65,91],"proposed":[67,104,165],"generate":[69],"realistic":[70],"training":[71],"data":[72],"spread":[76],"effect":[77],"precisely":[78],"modeled,":[79],"especially":[80],"FDB.":[85,115,150],"Based":[86],"on":[87],"and":[92,105,127,143,173],"generated":[94],"data,":[95],"cascaded":[97,122],"boundary-aware":[98],"convolutional":[99],"network":[100],"termed":[101],"MMF-Net":[102,118,166],"trained,":[106],"aiming":[107],"achieve":[109],"clearer":[110],"around":[113],"Specifically,":[116],"consists":[119],"two":[121,131],"subnets":[123,132],"initial":[125],"fusion.":[129],"These":[130],"designed":[134],"first":[136],"guidance":[139],"map":[140],"FDB":[142],"then":[144],"refine":[145],"Experiments":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"help":[156],"new":[159],"model,":[163],"outperforms":[167],"state-of-the-art":[169],"both":[171],"qualitatively":[172],"quantitatively.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
