{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014690505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.2984082","title":"ASTS: A Unified Framework for Arbitrary Shape Text Spotting","display_name":"ASTS: A Unified Framework for Arbitrary Shape Text Spotting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014690505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.2984082","mag":"3014690505","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32286974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2020.2984082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.2984082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026501335","display_name":"Juhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-8820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Printing and Packaging, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","UBTECH Sydney Artificial Intelligence Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-8820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Printing and Packaging, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBTECH Sydney Artificial Intelligence Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457637","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-8975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBTECH Sydney Artificial Intelligence Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-8975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBTECH Sydney Artificial Intelligence Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060042752","display_name":"Bo Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-8458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-8458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074103823","display_name":"Dacheng Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-5449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dacheng Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["UBTECH Sydney Artificial Intelligence Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-5449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UBTECH Sydney Artificial Intelligence Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88719393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"5924","last_page":"5936"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.9401186108589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8034477233886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6635181903839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6503356099128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.563931941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-recognition","display_name":"Text recognition","score":0.5454576015472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5373754501342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5359218120574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4952029287815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4944264888763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.4689336121082306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4290067255496979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3833793103694916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11120903491973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0738273561000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.06654125452041626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.9401186108589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8034477233886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6635181903839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6503356099128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.563931941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text recognition","level":3,"score":0.5454576015472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5373754501342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5359218120574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4952029287815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4944264888763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.4689336121082306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4290067255496979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3833793103694916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11120903491973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0738273561000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.06654125452041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2020.2984082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2020.2984082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32286974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32286974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3507083598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61822113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7519899501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FL-170100117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7545859506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7986140881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018CFA050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8089492590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70975097","https://openalex.org/W117491841","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W854541894","https://openalex.org/W1491389626","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1922126009","https://openalex.org/W2008806374","https://openalex.org/W2056435187","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2122221966","https://openalex.org/W2128854450","https://openalex.org/W2131673214","https://openalex.org/W2135231474","https://openalex.org/W2137718414","https://openalex.org/W2144554289","https://openalex.org/W2148214126","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2204328893","https://openalex.org/W2275041823","https://openalex.org/W2294053032","https://openalex.org/W2343052201","https://openalex.org/W2344822769","https://openalex.org/W2472159136","https://openalex.org/W2519818067","https://openalex.org/W2550687635","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2604735854","https://openalex.org/W2605076167","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2766895242","https://openalex.org/W2777652944","https://openalex.org/W2784050770","https://openalex.org/W2810028092","https://openalex.org/W2810983211","https://openalex.org/W2875814315","https://openalex.org/W2895403383","https://openalex.org/W2906333459","https://openalex.org/W2962773189","https://openalex.org/W2962790387","https://openalex.org/W2962810613","https://openalex.org/W2962984063","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963299604","https://openalex.org/W2963398399","https://openalex.org/W2963517393","https://openalex.org/W2964018263","https://openalex.org/W2964296749","https://openalex.org/W3102695566","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6629590909","https://openalex.org/W6640226783","https://openalex.org/W6679774445","https://openalex.org/W6729791593","https://openalex.org/W6747438827","https://openalex.org/W6757320581","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2918559346","https://openalex.org/W2114097550","https://openalex.org/W3119978414","https://openalex.org/W4286904253","https://openalex.org/W2516975559","https://openalex.org/W2545741539","https://openalex.org/W3206647229","https://openalex.org/W1969408022","https://openalex.org/W2000885660","https://openalex.org/W3200833961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arbitrary":[0],"shape":[1,22],"text":[2,23,41,63,87,95,117,128,171,205],"spotting":[3,24,96,206],"remains":[4],"a":[5,203],"challenging":[6],"computer":[7],"vision":[8],"task.":[9],"In":[10,173],"this":[11],"paper,":[12],"we":[13,35,69],"propose":[14,36],"an":[15,115,132],"end-to-end":[16],"trainable":[17],"unified":[18],"framework":[19,121,154,189,219],"for":[20,61,86,127,201,223],"arbitrary":[21],"to":[25,37,79,90,193],"overcome":[26],"the":[27,31,58,67,71,91,94,103,110,137,141,149,163,182],"limitations":[28],"inherent":[29],"in":[30,102],"existing":[32,177],"methods.":[33],"Specifically,":[34],"perceive":[38],"and":[39,52,55,73,83,165,214,226],"understand":[40],"based":[42,130],"on":[43,131,209],"different":[44],"levels":[45,143],"of":[46,76,144,157,185],"semantics,":[47,54],"i.e":[48],".,":[49],"holistic-,":[50],"pixel-":[51],"sequence-level":[53,125],"then":[56,99],"unify":[57],"recognized":[59],"semantics":[60,85,126,145],"robust":[62,204],"spotting.":[64],"To":[65],"implement":[66],"framework,":[68],"customize":[70],"detection":[72,225],"mask":[74],"branches":[75],"Mask":[77],"R-CNN":[78],"explore":[80],"both":[81,162,224],"holistic-":[82],"pixel-level":[84],"recognition.":[88,172,227],"According":[89],"recognition":[92,118,129],"results,":[93],"task":[97],"can":[98],"be":[100],"formulated":[101],"two-dimensional":[104,111,166],"feature":[105,112],"space.":[106],"Then,":[107],"by":[108],"feeding":[109],"maps":[113],"into":[114],"additional":[116],"branch,":[119],"our":[120,153,188,218],"further":[122,190],"delivers":[123],"one-dimensional":[124],"attention-based":[133],"sequence-to-sequence":[134],"network.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"results":[138],"from":[139,161,187],"all":[140],"three":[142],"are":[146],"merged":[147],"as":[148,198],"final":[150],"result.":[151],"Therefore,":[152],"is":[155],"capable":[156],"simultaneously":[158],"recognizing":[159],"texts":[160,186],"one-":[164],"perspectives,":[167],"achieving":[168],"highly":[169],"comprehensive":[170],"addition,":[174],"because":[175],"some":[176],"datasets":[178],"lack":[179],"character-level":[180],"annotations,":[181],"extensive":[183],"descriptions":[184],"allow":[191],"us":[192],"use":[194],"only":[195],"word-level":[196],"annotations":[197],"weak":[199],"supervision":[200],"training":[202],"model.":[207],"Experiments":[208],"ICDAR":[210,212],"2013,":[211],"2015,":[213],"Total-Text":[215],"show":[216],"that":[217],"achieves":[220],"state-of-the-art":[221],"performance":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}