{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981577079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2947806","title":"Mask SSD: An Effective Single-Stage Approach to Object Instance Segmentation","display_name":"Mask SSD: An Effective Single-Stage Approach to Object Instance Segmentation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981577079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2947806","mag":"2981577079","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31647437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2947806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2947806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110372095","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-1327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043336332","display_name":"Yonglin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-5791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonglin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029944675","display_name":"Kunfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-1191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China","The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-1191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414787","display_name":"Wensheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wensheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113600509","display_name":"Fei\u2013Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei-Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95827009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"2078","last_page":"2093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subnetwork","display_name":"Subnetwork","score":0.9145747423171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8228273391723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7807428240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7271976470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.7209821939468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.630382776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6095790863037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.583805501461029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5656160116195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5536386966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.47663578391075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4342593252658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.430908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2728116810321808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11414","display_name":"Subnetwork","level":2,"score":0.9145747423171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8228273391723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7807428240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7271976470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7209821939468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.630382776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6095790863037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.583805501461029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5656160116195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5536386966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.47663578391075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4342593252658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.430908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2728116810321808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2947806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2947806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31647437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31647437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3146272683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#U1811463","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G632278626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1704400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W809122546","https://openalex.org/W1507506748","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1565402342","https://openalex.org/W1702419847","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1923115158","https://openalex.org/W1927486677","https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W1991367009","https://openalex.org/W2019329118","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2046382188","https://openalex.org/W2063606315","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108196201","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2144794286","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2216125271","https://openalex.org/W2239879258","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2317851288","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2341555367","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2473415337","https://openalex.org/W2555182955","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2572745118","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2608858501","https://openalex.org/W2609077090","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2743627947","https://openalex.org/W2777795072","https://openalex.org/W2789631613","https://openalex.org/W2802508687","https://openalex.org/W2809110088","https://openalex.org/W2918797707","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963068995","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963455537","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2963873508","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964001331","https://openalex.org/W2964010755","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6622964371","https://openalex.org/W6630336748","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6637606113","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6696085341","https://openalex.org/W6699915822","https://openalex.org/W6704230781","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6726376675","https://openalex.org/W6731615698","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495267108","https://openalex.org/W2625952574","https://openalex.org/W3089513339","https://openalex.org/W2949086864","https://openalex.org/W3046327418","https://openalex.org/W4376620596","https://openalex.org/W3177249605","https://openalex.org/W1689909837","https://openalex.org/W2953362004","https://openalex.org/W4298525700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,154],"propose":[1],"Mask":[2,21,145,171],"SSD,":[3],"an":[4,27,53,93],"efficient":[5],"and":[6,29,48,52,70,85,107,124,151,162],"effective":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,35,78,97,166],"address":[10],"the":[11,31,59,66,122,168],"challenging":[12],"instance":[13],"segmentation":[14,55,112,116,152],"task.":[15],"Based":[16],"on":[17,149,158],"a":[18,41,139,186],"single-shot":[19],"detector,":[20],"SSD":[22,146],"detects":[23],"all":[24],"instances":[25],"in":[26],"image":[28],"marks":[30],"pixels":[32],"that":[33,44,57,176],"belong":[34],"each":[36,63,118],"instance.":[37,64],"It":[38],"consists":[39,103],"of":[40,82,104,170],"detection":[42,67,119,150],"subnetwork":[43,56,113],"predicts":[45],"object":[46],"categories":[47],"bounding":[49],"box":[50],"locations,":[51],"instance-level":[54,111],"generates":[58],"foreground":[60],"mask":[61],"for":[62,117],"In":[65],"subnetwork,":[68],"multi-scale":[69,123],"feedback":[71,125],"features":[72,126],"from":[73,127],"different":[74,128],"layers":[75,129],"are":[76,135],"used":[77],"better":[79],"represent":[80],"objects":[81],"various":[83],"sizes":[84],"provide":[86],"high-level":[87],"semantic":[88],"information.":[89],"Then,":[90],"we":[91],"adopt":[92],"assistant":[94],"classification":[95],"network":[96],"guide":[98],"per-class":[99],"score":[100],"prediction,":[101],"which":[102,143],"objectness":[105],"prior":[106],"category":[108],"likelihood.":[109],"The":[110],"outputs":[114],"pixel-wise":[115],"while":[120],"providing":[121],"as":[130,177],"input.":[131],"These":[132],"two":[133],"subnetworks":[134],"jointly":[136],"optimized":[137],"by":[138],"multi-task":[140],"loss":[141],"function,":[142],"renders":[144],"direct":[147],"prediction":[148],"results.":[153],"conduct":[155],"extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"PASCAL":[159],"VOC,":[160],"SBD,":[161],"MS":[163],"COCO":[164],"datasets":[165],"evaluate":[167],"performance":[169],"SSD.":[172],"Experimental":[173],"results":[174],"verify":[175],"compared":[178],"with":[179,189],"state-of-the-art":[180],"approaches,":[181],"our":[182],"proposed":[183],"method":[184],"has":[185],"comparable":[187],"precision":[188],"less":[190],"speed":[191],"overhead.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}