{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981322549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2940477","title":"Aggregation Signature for Small Object Tracking","display_name":"Aggregation Signature for Small Object Tracking","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981322549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2940477","mag":"2981322549","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31535994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2940477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2940477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10859","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chunlei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1138-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1138-7488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenrui Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenrui Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinyu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vittorio Murino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8645-2328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vittorio Murino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8645-2328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Baochang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-6218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159500","display_name":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05etzsm06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baochang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-6218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jungong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["WMG Data Science Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-956X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WMG Data Science Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guodong Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129579","display_name":"National Engineering Laboratory of Deep Learning Technology and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/03z8p5796","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129579"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Research and National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Learning Technology and Application, Institute of Deep Learning, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research and National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Learning Technology and Application, Institute of Deep Learning, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129579","https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77940159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"1738","last_page":"1747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.7838000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4767000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7838000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7681000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6144000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5012000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4767000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2940477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2940477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31535994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31535994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:125698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.10859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10859","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.10859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10859","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3038207137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3858088176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161114242","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W1513768190","https://openalex.org/W1581274514","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1955514522","https://openalex.org/W1955741794","https://openalex.org/W2032007016","https://openalex.org/W2037328649","https://openalex.org/W2039240409","https://openalex.org/W2047722650","https://openalex.org/W2096947220","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2157554677","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2165037244","https://openalex.org/W2170218122","https://openalex.org/W2207629083","https://openalex.org/W2253821378","https://openalex.org/W2266436637","https://openalex.org/W2338507060","https://openalex.org/W2343187456","https://openalex.org/W2421627342","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2520477759","https://openalex.org/W2552972599","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2560753397","https://openalex.org/W2607011617","https://openalex.org/W2610871254","https://openalex.org/W2769165247","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2810033788","https://openalex.org/W2886910176","https://openalex.org/W2897841402","https://openalex.org/W2900790473","https://openalex.org/W2907574584","https://openalex.org/W2912058580","https://openalex.org/W2918288062","https://openalex.org/W2963251831","https://openalex.org/W6601205835","https://openalex.org/W6606249113","https://openalex.org/W6766034291","https://openalex.org/W6767878749"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"object":[1,65,117,159],"tracking":[2],"becomes":[3],"an":[4],"increasingly":[5],"important":[6],"task,":[7],"which":[8],"however":[9],"has":[10],"been":[11],"largely":[12],"unexplored":[13],"in":[14,81,166],"computer":[15],"vision.":[16],"The":[17,161],"great":[18],"challenges":[19],"stem":[20],"from":[21],"the":[22,49,70,111,115,126,137],"facts":[23],"that:":[24],"1)":[25],"small":[26,64,104,158],"objects":[27],"show":[28],"extreme":[29],"vague":[30],"and":[31,34,74,154],"variable":[32],"appearances,":[33],"2)":[35],"they":[36],"tend":[37],"to":[38,44,48,98],"be":[39,164],"lost":[40],"easier":[41],"as":[42],"compared":[43],"normal-sized":[45],"ones":[46],"due":[47],"shaking":[50],"of":[51,72],"lens.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54,82],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,86,108,144],"propose":[57,87],"a":[58,88,121,130],"novel":[59],"aggregation":[60,92,127],"signature":[61,113,128],"suitable":[62],"for":[63,69,103,156],"tracking,":[66],"especially":[67],"aiming":[68],"challenge":[71],"sudden":[73],"large":[75,141],"drift.":[76],"We":[77],"make":[78],"three-fold":[79],"contributions":[80],"work.":[83],"First,":[84],"technically,":[85],"new":[89],"descriptor,":[90],"named":[91],"signature,":[93],"based":[94],"on":[95,133],"saliency,":[96],"able":[97],"represent":[99],"highly":[100],"distinctive":[101],"features":[102],"objects.":[105],"Second,":[106],"theoretically,":[107],"prove":[109],"that":[110],"proposed":[112],"matches":[114],"foreground":[116],"more":[118],"accurately":[119],"with":[120,146],"high":[122,131],"probability.":[123],"Third,":[124],"experimentally,":[125],"achieves":[129],"performance":[132],"multiple":[134],"datasets,":[135,151],"outperforming":[136],"state-of-the-art":[138],"methods":[139],"by":[140],"margins.":[142],"Moreover,":[143],"contribute":[145],"two":[147],"newly":[148],"collected":[149],"benchmark":[150],"i.e.,":[152],"small90":[153],"small112,":[155],"visually":[157],"tracking.":[160],"datasets":[162],"will":[163],"available":[165],"https://github.com/bczhangbczhang/.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00"}
