{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2961489314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2927330","title":"4D Light Field Superpixel and Segmentation","display_name":"4D Light Field Superpixel and Segmentation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2961489314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2927330","mag":"2961489314","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31329557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2927330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2927330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101693600","display_name":"Hao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-9571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360242","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9611-6697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434894","display_name":"Qing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-0644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101819061","display_name":"Hongdong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4125-1554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongdong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101693600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84565647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7293599843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7231796383857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5888817310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5831029415130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-field","display_name":"Light field","score":0.5825559496879578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5719025135040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.494564026594162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.47805550694465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45113569498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.43003469705581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.41116446256637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33287519216537476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7293599843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7231796383857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5888817310333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5831029415130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48983235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593161","display_name":"Light field","level":2,"score":0.5825559496879578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5719025135040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.494564026594162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.47805550694465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45113569498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43003469705581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.41116446256637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33287519216537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2927330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2927330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31329557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31329557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/305676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/305676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3967380794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61531014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55377555","https://openalex.org/W1508404128","https://openalex.org/W1548953334","https://openalex.org/W1585668122","https://openalex.org/W1914596733","https://openalex.org/W1915301860","https://openalex.org/W1938929646","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2039298799","https://openalex.org/W2042687553","https://openalex.org/W2050709211","https://openalex.org/W2063366997","https://openalex.org/W2063466834","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2080333926","https://openalex.org/W2096979710","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2105198794","https://openalex.org/W2105557003","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2119531662","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2128268941","https://openalex.org/W2128359381","https://openalex.org/W2135431554","https://openalex.org/W2149694199","https://openalex.org/W2175023734","https://openalex.org/W2208947244","https://openalex.org/W2294630051","https://openalex.org/W2294985758","https://openalex.org/W2342420672","https://openalex.org/W2511597623","https://openalex.org/W2513285095","https://openalex.org/W2518874090","https://openalex.org/W2560403570","https://openalex.org/W2593564043","https://openalex.org/W2744274622","https://openalex.org/W2748320878","https://openalex.org/W2913117332","https://openalex.org/W3100465609","https://openalex.org/W6634891648","https://openalex.org/W6640464587","https://openalex.org/W6675783809","https://openalex.org/W6734178593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W4313052709","https://openalex.org/W2022929107","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W4205800335","https://openalex.org/W2758994127","https://openalex.org/W2386644571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Superpixel":[0],"segmentation":[1,59,141],"of":[2,48,79,124,162,167,185,192,217],"2D":[3,27],"images":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,36,65,84,134,165,219],"many":[10],"computer":[11],"vision":[12],"tasks.":[13],"Previous":[14],"algorithms":[15],"model":[16],"the":[17,32,63,76,95,119,156,159,163,172,183,186,193,203,215],"color,":[18],"position,":[19],"or":[20],"higher":[21],"spectral":[22],"information":[23],"for":[24],"segmenting":[25],"a":[26,37,57,128,137],"image.":[28],"However,":[29],"limited":[30],"to":[31,61,93,117,213],"Gaussian":[33],"imaging":[34],"principle":[35],"traditional":[38,168],"camera,":[39],"where":[40],"each":[41],"pixel":[42],"is":[43,55,99,143,197,211],"formed":[44],"by":[45,199],"summing":[46],"lots":[47],"light":[49,85,89,135,152,178,220],"rays":[50,83],"from":[51],"different":[52,177],"angles,":[53],"there":[54],"not":[56],"thorough":[58],"solution":[60],"eliminate":[62,94],"ambiguity":[64],"defocus":[66],"and":[67,87,103,111,121,150],"occlusion":[68],"boundary":[69],"areas.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"consider":[75],"essential":[77],"element":[78],"image":[80],"pixel,":[81],"i.e.,":[82],"space,":[86],"propose":[88],"field":[90,153,179,221],"superpixel":[91],"(LFSP)":[92],"ambiguity.":[96],"The":[97,189],"LFSP":[98,109,140,173,195,218],"first":[100],"defined":[101],"mathematically":[102],"then":[104],"two":[105],"evaluation":[106,169],"metrics,":[107],"named":[108],"self-similarity":[110,174],"effective":[112],"label":[113],"ratio,":[114],"are":[115],"proposed":[116,187,194],"evaluate":[118],"refocus-invariant":[120,139],"full-sliced":[122,190],"properties":[123],"segmentation.":[125],"By":[126],"building":[127],"clique":[129],"system":[130],"containing":[131],"80":[132],"neighbors":[133],"field,":[136],"robust":[138],"algorithm":[142,196],"developed.":[144],"Experimental":[145],"results":[146],"on":[147],"both":[148],"synthetic":[149],"real":[151],"datasets":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"advantages":[157],"over":[158],"current":[160],"state":[161],"art":[164],"terms":[166],"metrics.":[170],"Additionally,":[171],"evaluations":[175],"under":[176],"refocus":[180],"levels":[181],"show":[182,214],"refocus-invariance":[184],"algorithm.":[188],"property":[191],"verified":[198],"comparing":[200],"it":[201],"with":[202],"classical":[204],"supervoxel":[205],"algorithms.":[206],"Finally,":[207],"an":[208],"LFSP-based":[209],"application":[210],"demonstrated":[212],"effectiveness":[216],"editing.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}