{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943889198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2913986","title":"Improving Dataset Volumes and Model Accuracy With Semi-Supervised Iterative Self-Learning","display_name":"Improving Dataset Volumes and Model Accuracy With Semi-Supervised Iterative Self-Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943889198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2913986","mag":"2943889198","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31059446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2913986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2913986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1192523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051520031","display_name":"Robert Dupre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Dupre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018283687","display_name":"Jiri Fajtl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiri Fajtl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013565466","display_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-8049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-8049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000187752","display_name":"Paolo Remagnino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-7746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Remagnino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robot Vision Team, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90528734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"4337","last_page":"4348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7345914840698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.717544674873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7080698609352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5931483507156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5363249778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.516911506652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.4917352497577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.47120898962020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.44708189368247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4345470666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2426946759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.19000452756881714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7345914840698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.717544674873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7080698609352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5931483507156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5363249778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.516911506652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4917352497577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.47120898962020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.44708189368247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4345470666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2426946759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.19000452756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2913986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2913986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31059446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31059446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:43339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1192523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1192523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1192523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1192523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586034241","https://openalex.org/W830076066","https://openalex.org/W1512387364","https://openalex.org/W1630959083","https://openalex.org/W1973631422","https://openalex.org/W2100031962","https://openalex.org/W2102113734","https://openalex.org/W2104290444","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113290770","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2122837498","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2159291644","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2184045248","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2219771564","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2407712691","https://openalex.org/W2431080869","https://openalex.org/W2530816535","https://openalex.org/W2577784528","https://openalex.org/W2592691248","https://openalex.org/W2606089314","https://openalex.org/W2621925205","https://openalex.org/W2766289485","https://openalex.org/W2799056151","https://openalex.org/W2902616437","https://openalex.org/W2951046222","https://openalex.org/W2951970475","https://openalex.org/W2952229419","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2963352597","https://openalex.org/W2963373786","https://openalex.org/W2963435192","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963449430","https://openalex.org/W2963558289","https://openalex.org/W2963664410","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2997701990","https://openalex.org/W3093419064","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4210984920","https://openalex.org/W4236966694","https://openalex.org/W4300996741","https://openalex.org/W6617210626","https://openalex.org/W6623329352","https://openalex.org/W6630579473","https://openalex.org/W6675365184","https://openalex.org/W6675747103","https://openalex.org/W6677082149","https://openalex.org/W6678450398","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6683327208","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6717772578","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6730161283","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6739659843","https://openalex.org/W6745986955","https://openalex.org/W6756070665","https://openalex.org/W6764051988","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586607209","https://openalex.org/W122912556","https://openalex.org/W4312414840","https://openalex.org/W2621411691","https://openalex.org/W2271357838","https://openalex.org/W2556866732","https://openalex.org/W2328989934","https://openalex.org/W2348322200","https://openalex.org/W2981952041","https://openalex.org/W3148060700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Within":[0],"this":[1,63],"work":[2,53],"a":[3,12,67,95,105],"novel":[4],"semi-supervised":[5,89],"learning":[6,15,72,90],"technique":[7],"is":[8,81],"introduced":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11,83],"simple":[13],"iterative":[14],"cycle":[16],"together":[17],"with":[18],"learned":[19,47],"thresholding":[20],"techniques":[21,91],"and":[22,31,73,104],"an":[23],"ensemble":[24],"decision":[25],"support":[26],"system.":[27],"State-of-the-art":[28],"model":[29,57],"performance":[30],"increased":[32],"training":[33,45],"data":[34,43],"volume":[35],"are":[36],"demonstrated,":[37],"through":[38],"the":[39,56,78],"use":[40],"of":[41,70,77,97,109],"unlabelled":[42],"when":[44,87],"deeply":[46],"classification":[48,74,101],"models.":[49],"The":[50],"methods":[51],"presented":[52],"independently":[54],"from":[55],"architectures":[58],"or":[59],"loss":[60],"functions,":[61],"making":[62],"approach":[64,80],"applicable":[65],"to":[66],"wide":[68],"range":[69],"machine":[71],"tasks.":[75],"Evaluation":[76],"proposed":[79],"performed":[82],"commonly":[84],"used":[85],"datasets":[86,102],"evaluating":[88],"as":[92,94],"well":[93],"number":[96],"more":[98],"challenging":[99],"image":[100],"(CIFAR-100":[103],"200":[106],"class":[107],"subset":[108],"ImageNet).":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
