{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804763951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2018.2837341","title":"SPSIM: A Superpixel-Based Similarity Index for Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment","display_name":"SPSIM: A Superpixel-Based Similarity Index for Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804763951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2018.2837341","mag":"2804763951","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29870344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2018.2837341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2018.2837341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050961/1/WenSun-TIP-2018-UCL.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084369241","display_name":"Wen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-3771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Information Science and Technology, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of IS&DRM, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Information Science and Technology, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of IS&DRM, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009239895","display_name":"Qingmin Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingmin Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Information Science and Technology, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of IS&DRM, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Information Science and Technology, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of IS&DRM, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079361172","display_name":"Jing\u2010Hao Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-610X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Hao Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090831580","display_name":"Fei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-2181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084369241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5288,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96952548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"4232","last_page":"4244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chrominance","display_name":"Chrominance","score":0.8067686557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7850719690322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6186254024505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5719349384307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5629560947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5629450678825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5612237453460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5262022614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5067740082740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.5023946762084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.48240625858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4721239507198334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.45404353737831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.4169631004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3883017599582672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.366952121257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2845790982246399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163204269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355263","display_name":"Chrominance","level":3,"score":0.8067686557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7850719690322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6186254024505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5719349384307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5629560947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5629450678825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5612237453460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5262022614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5067740082740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.5023946762084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.48240625858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4721239507198334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.45404353737831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.4169631004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3883017599582672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.366952121257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2845790982246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2018.2837341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2018.2837341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29870344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29870344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10050961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050961/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050961/1/WenSun-TIP-2018-UCL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , 27  (9)   pp. 4232-4244.   (2018)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10050961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050961/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050961/1/WenSun-TIP-2018-UCL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , 27  (9)   pp. 4232-4244.   (2018)      ","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1285054254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20170817161845824","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335972","funder_display_name":"Special Foundation for the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries of Shenzhen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3780059205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5529815295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G703379776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20170307153940960","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335972","funder_display_name":"Special Foundation for the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries of Shenzhen"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316143","display_name":"Nunavut General Monitoring Plan","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325571","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335972","display_name":"Special Foundation for the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries of Shenzhen","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804763951.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804763951.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520563248","https://openalex.org/W1580389772","https://openalex.org/W1964859077","https://openalex.org/W1971014006","https://openalex.org/W1972006393","https://openalex.org/W1992081487","https://openalex.org/W2003088946","https://openalex.org/W2004578244","https://openalex.org/W2009272644","https://openalex.org/W2015196405","https://openalex.org/W2017986722","https://openalex.org/W2031810115","https://openalex.org/W2035005766","https://openalex.org/W2035713052","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2064156276","https://openalex.org/W2093946065","https://openalex.org/W2110689527","https://openalex.org/W2114582993","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2118637743","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2137314395","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2146311669","https://openalex.org/W2161907179","https://openalex.org/W2164450150","https://openalex.org/W2168023013","https://openalex.org/W2171349048","https://openalex.org/W2290736026","https://openalex.org/W2295944595","https://openalex.org/W2319957123","https://openalex.org/W2324971623","https://openalex.org/W2344899809","https://openalex.org/W2500825094","https://openalex.org/W2520018542","https://openalex.org/W2547845176","https://openalex.org/W2557957659","https://openalex.org/W2566536172","https://openalex.org/W2586298574","https://openalex.org/W2586772604","https://openalex.org/W2608866661","https://openalex.org/W2609615231","https://openalex.org/W2732721227","https://openalex.org/W3154896085","https://openalex.org/W4211253871","https://openalex.org/W4299860503","https://openalex.org/W6634589695","https://openalex.org/W6648352963","https://openalex.org/W6651232423","https://openalex.org/W6684791271","https://openalex.org/W6793627096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1799575154","https://openalex.org/W2005759937","https://openalex.org/W2225603070","https://openalex.org/W2034025452","https://openalex.org/W2141614661","https://openalex.org/W3204377033","https://openalex.org/W2009194336","https://openalex.org/W1966501750","https://openalex.org/W2051148592","https://openalex.org/W2966759666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full-reference":[0],"image":[1,31,51,77,122],"quality":[2,52,78,123,176],"assessment":[3],"algorithms":[4],"usually":[5],"perform":[6],"comparisons":[7],"of":[8,30,50,82,116],"features":[9,68],"extracted":[10],"from":[11,44],"square":[12],"patches.":[13],"These":[14],"patches":[15],"do":[16],"not":[17],"have":[18],"any":[19],"visual":[20,36,103],"meanings.":[21],"On":[22],"the":[23,48,80,101,135,143,151,169,174,185,191],"contrary,":[24],"a":[25,28,59],"superpixel":[26,86,89],"is":[27,39,124,166,188],"set":[29],"pixels":[32],"that":[33,161,184],"share":[34],"similar":[35],"characteristics":[37],"and":[38,69,92],"thus":[40],"perceptually":[41,66],"meaningful.":[42],"Features":[43],"superpixels":[45],"may":[46],"improve":[47],"performance":[49],"assessment.":[53],"Inspired":[54],"by":[55,64,149],"this,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"new":[60],"superpixel-based":[61,117,163],"similarity":[62,71],"index":[63],"extracting":[65],"meaningful":[67],"revising":[70],"measures.":[72],"The":[73,96,108,114],"proposed":[74,186],"method":[75,187],"evaluates":[76],"on":[79,105,121,179],"basis":[81],"three":[83,144],"measurements,":[84],"namely,":[85],"luminance":[87],"similarity,":[88,91],"chrominance":[90],"pixel":[93],"gradient":[94,119,132,153],"similarity.":[95],"first":[97],"two":[98],"measurements":[99,145],"assess":[100],"overall":[102],"impression":[104],"local":[106],"images.":[107],"third":[109],"measurement":[110],"quantifies":[111],"structural":[112],"variations.":[113],"impact":[115],"regional":[118,131,152],"consistency":[120,133,154],"also":[125],"analyzed.":[126],"Distorted":[127],"images":[128,138],"showing":[129],"high":[130],"with":[134,190],"corresponding":[136],"reference":[137],"are":[139,146],"visually":[140],"appreciated.":[141],"Therefore,":[142],"further":[147],"revised":[148],"incorporating":[150],"into":[155],"their":[156],"computations.":[157],"A":[158],"weighting":[159],"function":[160],"indicates":[162],"texture":[164],"complexity":[165],"utilized":[167],"in":[168],"pooling":[170],"stage":[171],"to":[172],"obtain":[173],"final":[175],"score.":[177],"Experiments":[178],"several":[180],"benchmark":[181],"databases":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"competitive":[189],"state-of-the-art":[192],"metrics.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
