{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2750318222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2745099","title":"Joint Machine Learning and Game Theory for Rate Control in High Efficiency Video Coding","display_name":"Joint Machine Learning and Game Theory for Rate Control in High Efficiency Video Coding","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2750318222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2745099","mag":"2750318222","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28858792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2745099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2745099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050309466","display_name":"Wei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-5495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-5495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008386708","display_name":"Sam Kwong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Kwong","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013880628","display_name":"Yuheng Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-6550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuheng Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94659886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"6074","last_page":"6089"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6905317902565002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimax","display_name":"Minimax","score":0.48287251591682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4742944538593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4451196491718292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-efficiency","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","score":0.44395989179611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.43314114212989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-quality","display_name":"Video quality","score":0.42759302258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4196015000343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-tree-unit","display_name":"Coding tree unit","score":0.4113002121448517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37550920248031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3608855605125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2726794183254242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23082426190376282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6905317902565002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149728462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751319","display_name":"Minimax","level":2,"score":0.48287251591682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4742944538593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4451196491718292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116709606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","level":3,"score":0.44395989179611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43314114212989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103910844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631256","display_name":"Video quality","level":3,"score":0.42759302258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4196015000343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190750250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13533439","display_name":"Coding tree unit","level":3,"score":0.4113002121448517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37550920248031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3608855605125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2726794183254242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23082426190376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2745099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2745099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28858792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28858792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483301077","https://openalex.org/W1997706589","https://openalex.org/W2017990047","https://openalex.org/W2026699246","https://openalex.org/W2043292349","https://openalex.org/W2052718775","https://openalex.org/W2096942043","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2119958199","https://openalex.org/W2123729354","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2140227114","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156416207","https://openalex.org/W2161920802","https://openalex.org/W2168099043","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2181770152","https://openalex.org/W2183793224","https://openalex.org/W2240965729","https://openalex.org/W2314317712","https://openalex.org/W2315954324","https://openalex.org/W2407574721","https://openalex.org/W2511584835","https://openalex.org/W2513169612","https://openalex.org/W2558205878","https://openalex.org/W2587456036","https://openalex.org/W2590117390","https://openalex.org/W6725391356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403124343","https://openalex.org/W1987778158","https://openalex.org/W4362519939","https://openalex.org/W2010408989","https://openalex.org/W2613214950","https://openalex.org/W2108288699","https://openalex.org/W2551340648","https://openalex.org/W4388069711","https://openalex.org/W2072993124","https://openalex.org/W4386496203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,37,73],"joint":[4],"machine":[5],"learning":[6],"and":[7,25,99,122,132,152,183,194],"game":[8,79,158],"theory":[9,80],"modeling":[10],"(MLGT)":[11],"framework":[12],"is":[13,43,62,81,97,103,115],"proposed":[14,44,63,82,107,165],"for":[15,83],"inter":[16,133,142],"frame":[17,130,134],"coding":[18,34,61,120],"tree":[19],"unit":[20],"(CTU)":[21],"level":[22],"bit":[23,84,136,146,153,177],"allocation":[24,85],"rate":[26,178],"control":[27,181],"(RC)":[28],"optimization":[29],"in":[30,59,155],"high":[31],"efficiency":[32],"video":[33,60],"(HEVC).":[35],"First,":[36],"support":[38],"vector":[39],"machine-based":[40],"multi-classification":[41],"scheme":[42],"to":[45,64,140,148,202],"improve":[46],"the":[47,68,88,91,106,118,156,164,188,195,203,207],"prediction":[48],"accuracy":[49],"of":[50,90],"CTU-level":[51],"rate-distortion":[52],"(R-D)":[53],"model.":[54,71],"The":[55,112],"legacy":[56],"\"chicken-and-egg\"":[57],"dilemma":[58],"be":[65],"overcome":[66],"by":[67,105,117],"learning-based":[69],"R-D":[70,75,93,173,197],"Second,":[72],"mixed":[74,92],"model-based":[76,94],"cooperative":[77],"bargaining":[78,101,157],"optimization,":[86],"where":[87],"convexity":[89],"utility":[95,114],"function":[96],"proved,":[98],"Nash":[100],"solution":[102,109],"achieved":[104,196],"iterative":[108],"search":[110],"method.":[111,209],"minimum":[113],"adjusted":[116,139],"reference":[119],"distortion":[121],"frame-level":[123],"quantization":[124],"parameter":[125],"(QP)":[126],"change.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"intra":[129],"QP":[131],"adaptive":[135],"ratios":[137],"are":[138,199],"make":[141],"frames":[143],"have":[144],"more":[145],"resources":[147],"maintain":[149],"smooth":[150],"quality":[151,175,186],"consumption":[154],"optimization.":[159],"Experimental":[160],"results":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"that":[163],"MLGT-based":[166],"RC":[167,192],"method":[168],"can":[169],"achieve":[170],"much":[171],"better":[172],"performances,":[174],"smoothness,":[176],"accuracy,":[179],"buffer":[180],"results,":[182],"subjective":[184],"visual":[185],"than":[187],"other":[189],"state-of-the-art":[190],"one-pass":[191],"methods,":[193],"performances":[198],"very":[200],"close":[201],"performance":[204],"limits":[205],"from":[206],"FixedQP":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}