{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741379673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2733200","title":"LLE Score: A New Filter-Based Unsupervised Feature Selection Method Based on Nonlinear Manifold Embedding and Its Application to Image Recognition","display_name":"LLE Score: A New Filter-Based Unsupervised Feature Selection Method Based on Nonlinear Manifold Embedding and Its Application to Image Recognition","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741379673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2733200","mag":"2741379673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28767370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2733200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2733200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/87884/1/CaoYaoIEEETIP.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047997849","display_name":"Chao Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-6349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020753840","display_name":"Ya\u2010Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120485","display_name":"Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02jkmyk67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120485"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120485","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053609164","display_name":"Bo Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-1596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory for NSLSCS of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory for NSLSCS of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046605531","display_name":"Jungong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012529382","display_name":"Junwei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96447975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"5257","last_page":"5269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7148454189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6668752431869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5918877124786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5689360499382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-embedding","display_name":"Graph embedding","score":0.5491368174552917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5326566100120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5145267844200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.44938603043556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.44322243332862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41398051381111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.20703476667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.0764121413230896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7148454189300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6668752431869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5918877124786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5689360499382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75564084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597085","display_name":"Graph embedding","level":3,"score":0.5491368174552917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5326566100120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5145267844200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.44938603043556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44322243332862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41398051381111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.20703476667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0764121413230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2733200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2733200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28767370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28767370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:87884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/87884/1/CaoYaoIEEETIP.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:87884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/87884/1/CaoYaoIEEETIP.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1426293563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G291470146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11688101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3576507571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11688101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4821575336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"154906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6040600598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11688101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6378183406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102016ZY022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G679911745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102016ZY022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6967058303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11688101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6983841581","display_name":"5G\u79fb\u52a8\u901a\u4fe1\u6700\u4f18\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u7a00\u758f\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5","funder_award_id":"11671419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G707718515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11501298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8142109518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"154906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8363846856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8541166127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20150965","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741379673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741379673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191001584","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1560107318","https://openalex.org/W1561797649","https://openalex.org/W1644402181","https://openalex.org/W1685464609","https://openalex.org/W1906374873","https://openalex.org/W1944630830","https://openalex.org/W1960210438","https://openalex.org/W1970913757","https://openalex.org/W1977617632","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2002670936","https://openalex.org/W2005490094","https://openalex.org/W2052938023","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2057455558","https://openalex.org/W2058414375","https://openalex.org/W2072188503","https://openalex.org/W2092841641","https://openalex.org/W2095378398","https://openalex.org/W2102708620","https://openalex.org/W2103560185","https://openalex.org/W2109751703","https://openalex.org/W2116019577","https://openalex.org/W2121007818","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2131987814","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2147232781","https://openalex.org/W2149620660","https://openalex.org/W2295002716","https://openalex.org/W2295765669","https://openalex.org/W2342491128","https://openalex.org/W2342880667","https://openalex.org/W2344340558","https://openalex.org/W2384322164","https://openalex.org/W2435251607","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2573132524","https://openalex.org/W2581874211","https://openalex.org/W2604151177","https://openalex.org/W2605793178","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6633497745","https://openalex.org/W6641277922","https://openalex.org/W6677853180","https://openalex.org/W6681822384","https://openalex.org/W6717827561","https://openalex.org/W6731858769","https://openalex.org/W6735889280","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036264823","https://openalex.org/W3206528106","https://openalex.org/W2123605750","https://openalex.org/W2912814903","https://openalex.org/W2088740331","https://openalex.org/W2950907416","https://openalex.org/W3038102983","https://openalex.org/W2082479932","https://openalex.org/W2932872266","https://openalex.org/W4281484020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,147],"task":[1,170],"of":[2,18,21,24,50,73,111,119,157,162,168],"feature":[3,63,78,101,132,159],"selection":[4,64,79,133],"is":[5,35,56,67,142],"to":[6,69,75],"find":[7,83],"the":[8,13,19,22,28,48,71,76,97,100,109,117,120,151,154,163],"most":[9],"representative":[10],"features":[11,30],"from":[12,89],"original":[14,164],"high-dimensional":[15],"data.":[16,165],"Because":[17],"absence":[20],"information":[23],"class":[25],"labels,":[26],"selecting":[27],"appropriate":[29],"in":[31,40,62,99,138],"unsupervised":[32],"learning":[33,60],"scenarios":[34],"much":[36],"harder":[37],"than":[38],"that":[39,84,161,189],"supervised":[41],"scenarios.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44,85,139],"paper,":[45,140],"we":[46,82,127],"investigate":[47],"potential":[49],"locally":[51],"linear":[52],"embedding":[53],"(LLE),":[54],"which":[55,141],"a":[57,129,183],"popular":[58],"manifold":[59],"method,":[61],"task.":[65],"It":[66],"straightforward":[68,86],"apply":[70],"idea":[72],"LLE":[74,137,145,190],"graph-preserving":[77],"framework.":[80],"However,":[81],"application":[87],"suffers":[88],"some":[90],"problems.":[91],"For":[92],"example,":[93],"it":[94,105],"fails":[95],"when":[96],"elements":[98],"are":[102],"all":[103],"equal;":[104],"does":[106],"not":[107],"enjoy":[108],"property":[110],"scaling":[112],"invariance":[113],"and":[114,160,182,200],"cannot":[115],"capture":[116],"change":[118],"graph":[121],"efficiently.":[122],"To":[123],"solve":[124],"these":[125],"problems,":[126],"propose":[128],"new":[130],"filter-based":[131],"method":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136,171],"named":[143],"as":[144],"score.":[146,202],"proposed":[148],"criterion":[149],"measures":[150],"difference":[152],"between":[153],"local":[155],"structure":[156],"each":[158],"Our":[166],"experiments":[167],"classification":[169],"two":[172],"face":[173],"image":[174,179],"data":[175,180,186,196],"sets,":[176],"an":[177],"object":[178],"set,":[181],"handwriting":[184],"digits":[185],"set":[187],"show":[188],"score":[191],"outperforms":[192],"state-of-the-art":[193],"methods,":[194],"including":[195],"variance,":[197],"Laplacian":[198],"score,":[199],"sparsity":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
