{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1950407018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2713044","title":"Single and Multiple Illuminant Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Single and Multiple Illuminant Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1950407018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2713044","mag":"1950407018","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28600246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2713044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2713044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013570285","display_name":"Simone Bianco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Bianco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","Department of Informatics, Systems, and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Systems, and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039582068","display_name":"Claudio Cusano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Cusano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028039581","display_name":"Raimondo Schettini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-1451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raimondo Schettini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","Department of Informatics, Systems, and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Systems, and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013570285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":164,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99084085,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"4347","last_page":"4362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9010999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9010999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-illuminant","display_name":"Standard illuminant","score":0.9962205290794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7044802904129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6377942562103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5772132873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5252746343612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48908334970474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.430009663105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3912065029144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34551841020584106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129112856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375479","display_name":"Standard illuminant","level":2,"score":0.9962205290794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7044802904129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6377942562103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5772132873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5252746343612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48908334970474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.430009663105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3912065029144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34551841020584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2713044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2713044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28600246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28600246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/179830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10281/179830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52437429","https://openalex.org/W155265210","https://openalex.org/W632785040","https://openalex.org/W759139936","https://openalex.org/W1491192762","https://openalex.org/W1798160349","https://openalex.org/W1945748771","https://openalex.org/W1960752652","https://openalex.org/W1966855663","https://openalex.org/W1967839231","https://openalex.org/W1973256915","https://openalex.org/W1978546538","https://openalex.org/W2022003496","https://openalex.org/W2051406557","https://openalex.org/W2052090926","https://openalex.org/W2055202551","https://openalex.org/W2059511298","https://openalex.org/W2061765997","https://openalex.org/W2068294844","https://openalex.org/W2076019436","https://openalex.org/W2076205488","https://openalex.org/W2088828956","https://openalex.org/W2090412934","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098195734","https://openalex.org/W2100001370","https://openalex.org/W2105373852","https://openalex.org/W2108303106","https://openalex.org/W2109445167","https://openalex.org/W2110635295","https://openalex.org/W2111060758","https://openalex.org/W2111963040","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2128059302","https://openalex.org/W2133155955","https://openalex.org/W2134180190","https://openalex.org/W2135884712","https://openalex.org/W2137226992","https://openalex.org/W2139698815","https://openalex.org/W2147933509","https://openalex.org/W2153464267","https://openalex.org/W2154264220","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2157354913","https://openalex.org/W2158240273","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168604797","https://openalex.org/W2169488311","https://openalex.org/W2171773573","https://openalex.org/W2287042286","https://openalex.org/W2306965214","https://openalex.org/W2509601486","https://openalex.org/W2567523315","https://openalex.org/W3023527190","https://openalex.org/W3098971031","https://openalex.org/W3104298728","https://openalex.org/W4377995851","https://openalex.org/W6620338633","https://openalex.org/W6680532697","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685048874","https://openalex.org/W6731302890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378218814","https://openalex.org/W2169565872","https://openalex.org/W2086480935","https://openalex.org/W2141064695","https://openalex.org/W2125997383","https://openalex.org/W24761535","https://openalex.org/W830216772","https://openalex.org/W164484593","https://openalex.org/W2170165890","https://openalex.org/W4285513070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,24,68],"three-stage":[6],"method":[7],"for":[8],"the":[9,12,15,39,45,49,54,88,91,103],"estimation":[10,85],"of":[11,14,38,51,73,90,105],"color":[13],"illuminant":[16,58,84],"in":[17,53,67,71,87],"RAW":[18],"images.":[19],"The":[20,41],"first":[21],"stage":[22],"uses":[23],"convolutional":[25],"neural":[26],"network":[27],"that":[28],"has":[29],"been":[30],"specially":[31],"designed":[32],"to":[33],"produce":[34],"multiple":[35,100],"local":[36,46,57,64,81],"estimates":[37,59],"illuminant.":[40,75],"second":[42],"stage,":[43],"given":[44],"estimates,":[47],"determines":[48],"number":[50],"illuminants":[52],"scene.":[55],"Finally,":[56],"are":[60],"refined":[61],"by":[62],"non-linear":[63],"aggregation,":[65],"resulting":[66],"global":[69,83],"estimate":[70],"case":[72],"single":[74,98],"An":[76],"extensive":[77],"comparison":[78],"with":[79,97],"both":[80],"and":[82,99],"methods":[86],"state":[89],"art,":[92],"on":[93],"standard":[94],"data":[95],"sets":[96],"illuminants,":[101],"proves":[102],"effectiveness":[104],"our":[106],"method.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
