{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2520742745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2675341","title":"Semi-Supervised Sparse Representation Based Classification for Face Recognition With Insufficient Labeled Samples","display_name":"Semi-Supervised Sparse Representation Based Classification for Face Recognition With Insufficient Labeled Samples","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2520742745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2675341","mag":"2520742745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28362606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2675341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2675341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.03279","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909196","display_name":"Yuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Tencent AI Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent AI Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040010053","display_name":"Jiayi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-3265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086706224","display_name":"Alan Yuille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-9249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan L. Yuille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Science, Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science, Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101909196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659","https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.6193,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":255,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99291494,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"2545","last_page":"2560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7083309888839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.650444507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuisance","display_name":"Nuisance","score":0.6172988414764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5533195734024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5287898182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5259770750999451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4759999215602875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46979936957359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.4603673219680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.43130582571029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40105104446411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3268272280693054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7083309888839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.650444507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156462","display_name":"Nuisance","level":2,"score":0.6172988414764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5533195734024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5287898182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5259770750999451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4759999215602875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46979936957359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.4603673219680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.43130582571029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40105104446411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3268272280693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2017.2675341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2675341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28362606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28362606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1609.03279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03279","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.03279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1609.03279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03279","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.03279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5707465403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1317376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5768711004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61503288","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7900629413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016T90725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38891395","https://openalex.org/W91744528","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1561797649","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1859687398","https://openalex.org/W1950843348","https://openalex.org/W1964512344","https://openalex.org/W1968843404","https://openalex.org/W1969652279","https://openalex.org/W1972960842","https://openalex.org/W1982405594","https://openalex.org/W1983008863","https://openalex.org/W1990334093","https://openalex.org/W2007588387","https://openalex.org/W2022240529","https://openalex.org/W2022409915","https://openalex.org/W2026348705","https://openalex.org/W2027610308","https://openalex.org/W2035746673","https://openalex.org/W2062102668","https://openalex.org/W2069959554","https://openalex.org/W2070789837","https://openalex.org/W2080296254","https://openalex.org/W2085400714","https://openalex.org/W2088374681","https://openalex.org/W2089681615","https://openalex.org/W2092131162","https://openalex.org/W2093922090","https://openalex.org/W2096027770","https://openalex.org/W2097622337","https://openalex.org/W2098012923","https://openalex.org/W2100240926","https://openalex.org/W2108767394","https://openalex.org/W2114588272","https://openalex.org/W2114712988","https://openalex.org/W2117913389","https://openalex.org/W2118120419","https://openalex.org/W2120100419","https://openalex.org/W2124141313","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2129846893","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2135929400","https://openalex.org/W2140398892","https://openalex.org/W2144172034","https://openalex.org/W2144583419","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2147021384","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2157558673","https://openalex.org/W2157656099","https://openalex.org/W2157785665","https://openalex.org/W2266694576","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2471678645","https://openalex.org/W2502097041","https://openalex.org/W2518224564","https://openalex.org/W2518714726","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2962760512","https://openalex.org/W2963630677","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4247967121","https://openalex.org/W4255493559","https://openalex.org/W4301496108","https://openalex.org/W6603740303","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6642975987","https://openalex.org/W6655742669","https://openalex.org/W6657115420","https://openalex.org/W6659319144","https://openalex.org/W6677677282","https://openalex.org/W6679009191","https://openalex.org/W6681239517","https://openalex.org/W6681767761","https://openalex.org/W6682865783","https://openalex.org/W6700903540","https://openalex.org/W6720581929","https://openalex.org/W6723951927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370626934","https://openalex.org/W2795389553","https://openalex.org/W2041721200","https://openalex.org/W4233654893","https://openalex.org/W4235460013","https://openalex.org/W4285259566","https://openalex.org/W630377329","https://openalex.org/W1973963881","https://openalex.org/W1580457994","https://openalex.org/W2912726270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,102],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,21,79,91,154,159,164,196,227,236],"problem":[4],"of":[5,20,49,65,116,123,128],"face":[6,22,170],"recognition":[7,87],"when":[8,214],"there":[9,215],"is":[10,71,103,149,216,239],"only":[11,15,217],"few,":[12],"or":[13,125],"even":[14,213],"a":[16,95,119,132,175,179,190,218],"single,":[17],"labeled":[18,66,185,201,211,220],"examples":[19,30,67,127],"that":[23,69,235],"we":[24,93,152],"wish":[25],"to":[26,73,84,157,193,241],"recognize.":[27],"Moreover,":[28],"these":[29,75],"are":[31,112,172],"typically":[32],"corrupted":[33],"by":[34],"nuisance":[35,41,56,76,137,161,198],"variables,":[36,42,57],"both":[37],"linear":[38,136,160],"(i.e.,":[39,53],"additive":[40],"such":[43,58],"as":[44,59,174],"bad":[45],"lighting":[46,141],"and":[47,51,81,131,143,167,186,202,231],"wearing":[48],"glasses)":[50],"non-linear":[52,197],"non-additive":[54],"pixel-wise":[55],"expression":[60],"changes).":[61],"The":[62,146],"small":[63],"number":[64],"means":[68],"it":[70],"hard":[72],"remove":[74],"variables":[77,138,162],"between":[78,200],"training":[80],"testing":[82],"faces":[83,111],"obtain":[85],"good":[86],"performance.":[88],"To":[89],"address":[90],"problem,":[92],"propose":[94],"method":[96,238],"called":[97],"semi-supervised":[98,191],"sparse":[99],"representation-based":[100],"classification.":[101],"based":[104],"on":[105,108,226],"recent":[106],"work":[107],"sparsity,":[109],"where":[110],"represented":[113],"in":[114,189],"terms":[115],"two":[117],"dictionaries:":[118],"gallery":[120,176],"dictionary":[121,134,156,177],"consisting":[122],"one":[124],"more":[126],"each":[129],"person,":[130],"variation":[133,155],"representing":[135],"(e.g.,":[139],"different":[140,144],"conditions":[142],"glasses).":[145],"main":[147],"idea":[148],"that:":[150],"1)":[151],"use":[153],"characterize":[158],"via":[163,178],"sparsity":[165],"framework":[166],"2)":[168],"prototype":[169],"images":[171],"estimated":[173],"Gaussian":[180],"mixture":[181],"model,":[182],"with":[183,195,209],"mixed":[184],"unlabeled":[187,203],"samples":[188],"manner,":[192],"deal":[194],"variations":[199],"samples.":[204],"We":[205],"have":[206],"done":[207],"experiments":[208],"insufficient":[210],"samples,":[212],"single":[219],"sample":[221],"per":[222],"person.":[223],"Our":[224],"results":[225],"AR,":[228],"Multi-PIE,":[229],"CAS-PEAL,":[230],"LFW":[232],"databases":[233],"demonstrate":[234],"proposed":[237],"able":[240],"deliver":[242],"significantly":[243],"improved":[244],"performance":[245],"over":[246],"existing":[247],"methods.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}