{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2476975422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2016.2605302","title":"The Bitonic Filter: Linear Filtering in an Edge-Preserving Morphological Framework","display_name":"The Bitonic Filter: Linear Filtering in an Edge-Preserving Morphological Framework","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2476975422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2016.2605302","mag":"2476975422","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27608460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2016.2605302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2016.2605302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261015","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004753208","display_name":"Graham M. Treece","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-6845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Graham Treece","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-6845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004753208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96641908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"11","first_page":"5199","last_page":"5211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6892000436782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.576937735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5672472715377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5526519417762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.5406908392906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropic-diffusion","display_name":"Anisotropic diffusion","score":0.5380434989929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-filter","display_name":"Nonlinear filter","score":0.4919728934764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48882338404655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.4549637734889984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4404730200767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.43907949328422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-preserving-smoothing","display_name":"Edge-preserving smoothing","score":0.4269631505012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4186056852340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-design","display_name":"Filter design","score":0.35206297039985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29148069024086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2507506012916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17182278633117676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6892000436782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.576937735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5672472715377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5526519417762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.5406908392906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203504353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4765461","display_name":"Anisotropic diffusion","level":3,"score":0.5380434989929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137685913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4316763","display_name":"Nonlinear filter","level":4,"score":0.4919728934764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48882338404655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.4549637734889984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4404730200767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.43907949328422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141651230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337637","display_name":"Edge-preserving smoothing","level":4,"score":0.4269631505012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4186056852340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449227","display_name":"Filter design","level":3,"score":0.35206297039985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29148069024086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2507506012916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17182278633117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2016.2605302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2016.2605302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27608460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27608460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/261015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261015","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:802005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/802005/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:980498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/980498/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/252987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"not applicable"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/285593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.32947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.32947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.6186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.6186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/261015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261015","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2476975422.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480546554","https://openalex.org/W1484720787","https://openalex.org/W1627595462","https://openalex.org/W1756317977","https://openalex.org/W1970903963","https://openalex.org/W1979369422","https://openalex.org/W1982209249","https://openalex.org/W1986369277","https://openalex.org/W2021586009","https://openalex.org/W2048921473","https://openalex.org/W2067211144","https://openalex.org/W2075110740","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2106403211","https://openalex.org/W2109853861","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2130638129","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2136584541","https://openalex.org/W2141389982","https://openalex.org/W2144168512","https://openalex.org/W2148358298","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2157691228","https://openalex.org/W2159353534","https://openalex.org/W2163743295","https://openalex.org/W2163910600","https://openalex.org/W2294701571","https://openalex.org/W2417115060","https://openalex.org/W2725577738","https://openalex.org/W2751754953","https://openalex.org/W2762668690","https://openalex.org/W2915008565","https://openalex.org/W3105618524","https://openalex.org/W6716395306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171261548","https://openalex.org/W2149857113","https://openalex.org/W2352810271","https://openalex.org/W2330997998","https://openalex.org/W2581436517","https://openalex.org/W2144193479","https://openalex.org/W2008174127","https://openalex.org/W2355942042","https://openalex.org/W2810030866","https://openalex.org/W1557090952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"filter":[2,52,67,130,182],"is":[3,24,33,56,107,137,150,245],"presented":[4],"which":[5,204],"has":[6,78,223],"better":[7],"edge":[8],"and":[9,23,29,74,82,89,99,125,135,147,168,173,189,244],"detail":[10],"preserving":[11,96],"properties":[12],"than":[13,62],"a":[14,21,36,69,141,256],"median,":[15],"noise":[16,30,90,113,235],"reduction":[17],"capability":[18],"similar":[19],"to":[20,26,86,139,157,248],"Gaussian,":[22],"applicable":[25],"many":[27],"signal":[28,39,88],"types.":[31],"It":[32,77,149],"built":[34],"on":[35,58,144],"definition":[37,55],"of":[38,71,102,128,171,178,234],"as":[40],"bitonic,":[41],"i.e.,":[42],"containing":[43],"only":[44],"one":[45],"local":[46],"maxima":[47],"or":[48,211,216],"minima":[49],"within":[50],"the":[51,65,87,123,126,129,145,158,165,180],"range.":[53],"This":[54],"based":[57],"data":[59],"ranking":[60],"rather":[61],"value;":[63],"hence,":[64],"bitonic":[66,181,222],"comprises":[68],"combination":[70],"non-linear":[72],"morphological":[73],"linear":[75],"operators.":[76],"no":[79,108],"data-level-sensitive":[80],"parameters":[81],"can":[83],"locally":[84],"adapt":[85],"levels":[91],"in":[92,114,133,199],"an":[93],"image,":[94],"precisely":[95],"both":[97],"smooth":[98],"discontinuous":[100],"signals":[101,210],"any":[103,240],"level":[104],"when":[105],"there":[106],"noise,":[109,215],"but":[110],"also":[111,151],"reducing":[112],"other":[115],"areas":[116],"without":[117],"creating":[118],"additional":[119],"artifactual":[120],"noise.":[121],"Both":[122],"basis":[124],"performance":[127],"are":[131],"examined":[132],"detail,":[134],"it":[136,194,206,253],"shown":[138],"be":[140],"significant":[142],"improvement":[143],"Gaussian":[146],"median.":[148],"compared":[152],"over":[153],"various":[154],"noisy":[155],"images":[156,212],"image-guided":[159],"filter,":[160,167],"anisotropic":[161,191],"diffusion,":[162],"non-local":[163,187],"means,":[164,188],"grain":[166],"self-dual":[169],"forms":[170],"leveling":[172],"rank":[174],"filters.":[175],"In":[176],"terms":[177],"signal-to-noise,":[179],"outperforms":[183],"all":[184,200],"these":[185],"except":[186],"sometimes":[190],"diffusion.":[192],"However,":[193],"gives":[195],"good":[196],"visual":[197],"results":[198],"circumstances,":[201],"with":[202,213,242,260],"characteristics":[203],"make":[205],"appropriate":[207],"particularly":[208],"for":[209],"varying":[214,219],"features":[217],"at":[218],"levels.":[220],"The":[221],"very":[224,257],"few":[225],"parameters,":[226],"does":[227,237],"not":[228,238],"require":[229],"optimization":[230],"nor":[231],"prior":[232],"knowledge":[233],"levels,":[236],"have":[239],"problems":[241],"stability,":[243],"reasonably":[246],"fast":[247],"implement.":[249],"Despite":[250],"its":[251],"non-linearity,":[252],"hence":[254],"represents":[255],"practical":[258],"operation":[259],"general":[261],"applicability.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
