{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2240552610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2512108","title":"Recognition of Images Degraded by Gaussian Blur","display_name":"Recognition of Images Degraded by Gaussian Blur","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2240552610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2512108","mag":"2240552610","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26841396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2512108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2512108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2016/ZOI/flusser-0454335.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022073855","display_name":"Jan Flusser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-9214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119419","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h1hsz49","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Flusser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078165896","display_name":"Sajad Farokhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119419","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h1hsz49","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["CZ","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajad Farokhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic","Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049262823","display_name":"Cyril H\u00f6schl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-0099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119419","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h1hsz49","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyril Hoschl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043359383","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Suk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119419","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h1hsz49","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Suk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070729738","display_name":"Barbara Zitov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-3741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119419","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h1hsz49","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Zitova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060236166","display_name":"Matteo Pedone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Pedone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Machine Vision Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Vision Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.436,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97317946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"790","last_page":"806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-blur","display_name":"Gaussian blur","score":0.7348422408103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5690843462944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5665984749794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5416089296340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.5366747975349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49081453680992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.4767076373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4123850166797638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.37267085909843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2734188437461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14027467370033264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894545","display_name":"Gaussian blur","level":5,"score":0.7348422408103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5690843462944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5665984749794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5416089296340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5366747975349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49081453680992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.4767076373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4123850166797638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.37267085909843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2734188437461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14027467370033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2512108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2512108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26841396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26841396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:asep.lib.cas.cz:CavUnEpca/0454335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0257080","pdf_url":"http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2016/ZOI/flusser-0454335.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055266","display_name":"ASEP","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:asep.lib.cas.cz:CavUnEpca/0454335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0257080","pdf_url":"http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2016/ZOI/flusser-0454335.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055266","display_name":"ASEP","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4977595326","display_name":"Invariants and adaptive representations of digital images","funder_award_id":"GA15-16928S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","funder_display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/01pv73b02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322482","display_name":"Akademie V\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/053avzc18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2240552610.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2240552610.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71238439","https://openalex.org/W358380361","https://openalex.org/W1500607227","https://openalex.org/W1530111974","https://openalex.org/W1548755885","https://openalex.org/W1607979445","https://openalex.org/W1621776253","https://openalex.org/W1963701614","https://openalex.org/W1964286446","https://openalex.org/W1966253962","https://openalex.org/W1969258598","https://openalex.org/W1985225626","https://openalex.org/W1985788101","https://openalex.org/W1990063939","https://openalex.org/W1990317771","https://openalex.org/W1990593983","https://openalex.org/W1993987142","https://openalex.org/W2000267303","https://openalex.org/W2001788007","https://openalex.org/W2004922133","https://openalex.org/W2008736926","https://openalex.org/W2026044198","https://openalex.org/W2027965864","https://openalex.org/W2030148064","https://openalex.org/W2032557892","https://openalex.org/W2043098774","https://openalex.org/W2053801720","https://openalex.org/W2055163576","https://openalex.org/W2057988741","https://openalex.org/W2060591910","https://openalex.org/W2061848724","https://openalex.org/W2064342618","https://openalex.org/W2070545639","https://openalex.org/W2078078761","https://openalex.org/W2078987785","https://openalex.org/W2081521596","https://openalex.org/W2098953696","https://openalex.org/W2099951505","https://openalex.org/W2104564430","https://openalex.org/W2107038438","https://openalex.org/W2115943821","https://openalex.org/W2116905119","https://openalex.org/W2122970665","https://openalex.org/W2124005670","https://openalex.org/W2129877060","https://openalex.org/W2131937445","https://openalex.org/W2133001556","https://openalex.org/W2136823057","https://openalex.org/W2137144630","https://openalex.org/W2137321037","https://openalex.org/W2137747368","https://openalex.org/W2148410999","https://openalex.org/W2150238095","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151616691","https://openalex.org/W2151782031","https://openalex.org/W2159749540","https://openalex.org/W2160854050","https://openalex.org/W2160948341","https://openalex.org/W2161596457","https://openalex.org/W2161907179","https://openalex.org/W2162023503","https://openalex.org/W2167260591","https://openalex.org/W2170950194","https://openalex.org/W2171349048","https://openalex.org/W2174374693","https://openalex.org/W2224156199","https://openalex.org/W2238405663","https://openalex.org/W2257577642","https://openalex.org/W2538825911","https://openalex.org/W2998513548","https://openalex.org/W4238127356","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298289213","https://openalex.org/W6602896228","https://openalex.org/W6666432633","https://openalex.org/W6674967326","https://openalex.org/W6678349997","https://openalex.org/W6678411279","https://openalex.org/W6684125387","https://openalex.org/W6689353984","https://openalex.org/W6728733781","https://openalex.org/W6772683600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029783634","https://openalex.org/W2913940536","https://openalex.org/W2462717764","https://openalex.org/W4377836662","https://openalex.org/W1597170061","https://openalex.org/W2371693281","https://openalex.org/W2616156716","https://openalex.org/W2127710167","https://openalex.org/W2968444945","https://openalex.org/W1587661401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,96],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,58,100],"propose":[4],"a":[5,15,18,22],"new":[6],"theory":[7],"of":[8,17,25,40,48,86],"invariants":[9,88],"to":[10,54,76,81],"Gaussian":[11,27,55],"blur.":[12],"We":[13,43,73],"introduce":[14],"notion":[16],"primordial":[19,31,50,70],"image":[20,32,51,71,82,92],"as":[21],"canonical":[23],"form":[24],"all":[26],"blur-equivalent":[28],"images.":[29],"The":[30,84],"is":[33,89],"defined":[34],"in":[35,90],"spectral":[36],"domain":[37],"by":[38],"means":[39],"projection":[41],"operators.":[42],"prove":[44],"that":[45],"the":[46,49,69,97,110,115],"moments":[47],"are":[52],"invariant":[53],"blur":[56],"and":[57,94,113],"derive":[59],"recursive":[60],"formulas":[61],"for":[62],"their":[63,78],"direct":[64],"computation":[65],"without":[66],"actually":[67],"constructing":[68],"itself.":[72],"show":[74],"how":[75],"extend":[77],"invariance":[79],"also":[80],"rotation.":[83],"application":[85],"these":[87],"blur-invariant":[91],"comparison":[93,104],"recognition.":[95],"experimental":[98],"part,":[99],"perform":[101],"an":[102],"exhaustive":[103],"with":[105],"two":[106],"main":[107],"competitors:":[108],"1)":[109],"Zhang":[111],"distance":[112],"2)":[114],"local":[116],"phase":[117],"quantization.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}