{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138047924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2481326","title":"Automatic Liver Segmentation Based on Shape Constraints and Deformable Graph Cut in CT Images","display_name":"Automatic Liver Segmentation Based on Shape Constraints and Deformable Graph Cut in CT Images","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138047924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2481326","mag":"2138047924","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26415173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2481326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2481326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360773","display_name":"Guodong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079807652","display_name":"Xinjian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048091475","display_name":"Fei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-6655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058024483","display_name":"Weifang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-4101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429272","display_name":"Jie Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-1870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031688232","display_name":"Dehui Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-9778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dehui Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98782569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"5315","last_page":"5329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7541275024414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6560021638870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5946871042251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5762234330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5670763850212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5653001666069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5434541702270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5283133387565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5183014273643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cut","display_name":"Cut","score":0.47741687297821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4624057114124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.41800954937934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.41154593229293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.41089847683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34593838453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30623483657836914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7541275024414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6560021638870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5946871042251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5762234330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5670763850212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5653001666069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5434541702270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5283133387565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5183014273643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5134670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626444","display_name":"Cut","level":4,"score":0.47741687297821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4624057114124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.41800954937934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.41154593229293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.41089847683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34593838453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30623483657836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2481326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2481326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26415173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26415173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1437628622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81401472","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2714381650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81401451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2782879477","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a\u4e0e\u56fe\u641c\u7d22\u7684PET-CT\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u80ba\u80bf\u7624\u5206\u5272\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61401293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7406829425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014CB748600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8587028467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81371629","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8630419004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511964238","https://openalex.org/W1512148629","https://openalex.org/W1517229131","https://openalex.org/W1548531823","https://openalex.org/W1934726605","https://openalex.org/W1946283117","https://openalex.org/W1963830612","https://openalex.org/W1966707541","https://openalex.org/W1979102712","https://openalex.org/W1981989535","https://openalex.org/W1993105593","https://openalex.org/W1993267444","https://openalex.org/W1996565856","https://openalex.org/W2007079295","https://openalex.org/W2009256901","https://openalex.org/W2028576613","https://openalex.org/W2037116875","https://openalex.org/W2044560513","https://openalex.org/W2052092996","https://openalex.org/W2052636906","https://openalex.org/W2072086181","https://openalex.org/W2099340085","https://openalex.org/W2102336461","https://openalex.org/W2102755454","https://openalex.org/W2104276184","https://openalex.org/W2109759912","https://openalex.org/W2109878240","https://openalex.org/W2113137767","https://openalex.org/W2115560616","https://openalex.org/W2119300483","https://openalex.org/W2123839774","https://openalex.org/W2129663601","https://openalex.org/W2131065627","https://openalex.org/W2132210108","https://openalex.org/W2141730663","https://openalex.org/W2151334969","https://openalex.org/W2153431772","https://openalex.org/W2157308394","https://openalex.org/W2164774194","https://openalex.org/W2169499040","https://openalex.org/W2169551590","https://openalex.org/W2171963641","https://openalex.org/W2229412420","https://openalex.org/W2375506516","https://openalex.org/W2549624876","https://openalex.org/W3150574965","https://openalex.org/W4205435716","https://openalex.org/W4233857083","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6630584506","https://openalex.org/W6631049978","https://openalex.org/W6640802898","https://openalex.org/W6679749843","https://openalex.org/W6681240791","https://openalex.org/W6805938972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W3101398262","https://openalex.org/W3095877357","https://openalex.org/W10861731","https://openalex.org/W419730749","https://openalex.org/W2124225078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Liver":[0],"segmentation":[1],"is":[2,68,80,95,117,127],"still":[3],"a":[4,64,105,109,133],"challenging":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7,43,108,142,183],"medical":[8],"image":[9,79],"processing":[10],"area":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,33,40,103,122,129,132,144],"the":[14,17,61,72,77,88,91,114,123,138,147,158,163,194,204],"complexity":[15],"of":[16,27,50,135,162,203],"liver's":[18],"anatomy,":[19],"low":[20],"contrast":[21],"with":[22],"adjacent":[23],"organs,":[24],"and":[25,35,57,76,99,112,119,160,166,187,199],"presence":[26],"pathologies.":[28],"This":[29],"investigation":[30],"was":[31,153,172,197],"used":[32],"develop":[34],"validate":[36],"an":[37],"automated":[38],"method":[39,171,196],"segment":[41],"livers":[42],"CT":[44,176],"images.":[45],"The":[46,169,189],"proposed":[47,170,195],"framework":[48],"consists":[49],"three":[51],"steps:":[52],"1)":[53],"preprocessing;":[54],"2)":[55],"initialization;":[56],"3)":[58],"segmentation.":[59],"In":[60,87],"first":[62],"step,":[63,90],"statistical":[65],"shape":[66,93],"model":[67,94],"constructed":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71,174],"principal":[73],"component":[74],"analysis":[75],"input":[78,164],"smoothed":[81],"using":[82,97],"curvature":[83],"anisotropic":[84],"diffusion":[85],"filtering.":[86],"second":[89],"mean":[92],"moved":[96],"thresholding":[98],"Euclidean":[100],"distance":[101],"transformation":[102],"obtain":[104],"coarse":[106,124],"position":[107],"test":[110],"image,":[111],"then":[113],"initial":[115],"mesh":[116],"locally":[118],"iteratively":[120],"deformed":[121],"boundary,":[125],"which":[126,155,179],"constrained":[128],"stay":[130],"close":[131],"subspace":[134],"shapes":[136],"describing":[137],"anatomical":[139],"variability.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"order":[143],"accurately":[145],"detect":[146],"liver":[148,205],"surface,":[149],"deformable":[150],"graph":[151],"cut":[152],"proposed,":[154],"effectively":[156],"integrates":[157],"properties":[159],"inter-relationship":[161],"images":[165],"initialized":[167],"surface.":[168,206],"evaluated":[173],"50":[175],"scan":[177],"images,":[178],"are":[180],"publicly":[181],"available":[182],"two":[184],"databases":[185],"Sliver07":[186],"3Dircadb.":[188],"experimental":[190],"results":[191],"showed":[192],"that":[193],"effective":[198],"accurate":[200],"for":[201],"detection":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}