{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1765260417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2465147","title":"Recognizing Actions Through Action-Specific Person Detection","display_name":"Recognizing Actions Through Action-Specific Person Detection","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1765260417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2465147","mag":"1765260417","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26259079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2465147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2465147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760570","display_name":"Fahad Shahbaz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4263-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Shahbaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Laboratory, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","Department of Electrical EngineeringComputer Vision Laboratory, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Laboratory, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical EngineeringComputer Vision Laboratory, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101739991","display_name":"Jiaolong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147025","display_name":"Barcelona Media","ror":"https://ror.org/047yj9455","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaolong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain",", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101958996","display_name":"Joost van de Weijer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-9706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147025","display_name":"Barcelona Media","ror":"https://ror.org/047yj9455","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost van de Weijer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain",", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064029620","display_name":"Andrew D. Bagdanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-7043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147025","display_name":"Barcelona Media","ror":"https://ror.org/047yj9455","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Bagdanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain",", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022929869","display_name":"Rao Muhammad Anwer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-2214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rao Muhammad Anwer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland","[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087248790","display_name":"Antonio M. L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-5783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147025","display_name":"Barcelona Media","ror":"https://ror.org/047yj9455","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio M. Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain",", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Computer Vision Centre Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9473534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"4422","last_page":"4432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.7750304937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7212892770767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7198706269264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.7115004062652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6124219298362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47445234656333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4713560938835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.4227531850337982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16296431422233582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7750304937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7212892770767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7198706269264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.7115004062652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6124219298362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47445234656333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4713560938835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4227531850337982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16296431422233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2465147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2465147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26259079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26259079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.711.941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.711.941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cvc.uab.es/LAMP/joost/wp-content/papercite-data/pdf/khan2015tip.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1074306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1074306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4249896723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"251170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7820089057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"255745","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8718753989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011611023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259216465","https://openalex.org/W326271615","https://openalex.org/W1517303303","https://openalex.org/W1559046793","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W1832500336","https://openalex.org/W1978920452","https://openalex.org/W1988348003","https://openalex.org/W1991367009","https://openalex.org/W2009668020","https://openalex.org/W2010181071","https://openalex.org/W2014788385","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2027020658","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2033547469","https://openalex.org/W2035784046","https://openalex.org/W2038765747","https://openalex.org/W2041280778","https://openalex.org/W2044291182","https://openalex.org/W2066477856","https://openalex.org/W2066624635","https://openalex.org/W2078846315","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2116084929","https://openalex.org/W2117103983","https://openalex.org/W2129933262","https://openalex.org/W2129947832","https://openalex.org/W2132068907","https://openalex.org/W2139132812","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2145943327","https://openalex.org/W2161381512","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2167146493","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2169852119","https://openalex.org/W2193232391","https://openalex.org/W2292423453","https://openalex.org/W2950918464","https://openalex.org/W4386207016","https://openalex.org/W6609683064","https://openalex.org/W6611313939","https://openalex.org/W6631097402","https://openalex.org/W6633313784","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637542466","https://openalex.org/W6638601408","https://openalex.org/W6653248861","https://openalex.org/W6681511049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W1495267108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Action":[0],"recognition":[1,26],"in":[2,9,48,187],"still":[3,188],"images":[4],"is":[5,46,70,92,132,149],"a":[6,50,139,256],"challenging":[7],"problem":[8],"computer":[10],"vision.":[11],"To":[12,166],"facilitate":[13],"comparative":[14],"evaluation":[15,22],"independently":[16],"of":[17,128,142,169,183,217,252,258,278],"person":[18,30,52,106,130,185,213,228,296,311],"detection,":[19],"the":[20,82,87,102,125,146,167,174,181,207,218,250,253,276],"standard":[21],"protocol":[23],"for":[24,59,111,116,162,180,275],"action":[25,60,74,96,117,144,164,208,219,272,279],"uses":[27],"an":[28,153],"oracle":[29],"detector":[31,53,155],"to":[32,121,151,156,176],"obtain":[33],"perfect":[34],"bounding":[35,57,114,160],"box":[36],"information":[37],"at":[38,298],"both":[39,212,303],"training":[40,123,127],"and":[41,72,135,201,215,238,262],"test":[42,299],"time.":[43],"The":[44],"assumption":[45],"that,":[47],"practice,":[49],"general":[51,227],"will":[54],"provide":[55],"candidate":[56,113],"boxes":[58,115,161],"recognition.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63,68,288],"paper,":[64],"we":[65,98,172],"argue":[66],"that":[67,73,89],"paradigm":[69],"suboptimal":[71],"class":[75],"labels":[76],"should":[77],"already":[78],"be":[79],"considered":[80],"during":[81],"detection":[83,186,209,229,273],"stage.":[84],"Motivated":[85],"by":[86,230],"observation":[88],"body":[90],"pose":[91],"strongly":[93],"conditioned":[94],"on":[95,194,226,236,241,260,264,302],"class,":[97],"show":[99],"that:":[100],"1)":[101,199],"existing":[103,154],"state-of-the-art":[104,306],"generic":[105],"detectors":[107,131],"are":[108,173],"not":[109],"adequate":[110],"proposing":[112],"classification;":[118],"2)":[119,202],"due":[120],"limited":[122],"examples,":[124,145],"direct":[126],"action-specific":[129,184],"also":[133,247,269],"inadequate;":[134],"3)":[136],"using":[137,293],"only":[138],"small":[140],"number":[141],"labeled":[143],"transfer":[147,178],"learning":[148,179],"able":[150],"adapt":[152],"propose":[157],"higher":[158],"quality":[159],"subsequent":[163],"classification.":[165],"best":[168],"our":[170,221,271,290],"knowledge,":[171],"first":[175],"investigate":[177],"task":[182,210,277],"images.":[189],"We":[190,268],"perform":[191],"extensive":[192],"experiments":[193],"two":[195],"benchmark":[196],"data":[197,304],"sets:":[198],"Stanford-40":[200,237,261],"PASCAL":[203,242,265],"VOC":[204,243,266],"2012.":[205,244,267],"For":[206,287],"(i.e.,":[211,281],"localization":[214,297],"classification":[216,280],"performed),":[220],"approach":[222,246,274],"outperforms":[223,249,301],"methods":[224],"based":[225],"5.7%":[231],"mean":[232],"average":[233],"precision":[234],"(MAP)":[235],"2.1%":[239],"MAP":[240,257],"Our":[245],"significantly":[248],"state":[251],"art":[254],"with":[255],"45.4%":[259],"31.4%":[263],"evaluate":[270],"recognizing":[282],"actions":[283],"without":[284,292],"localizing":[285],"them).":[286],"task,":[289],"approach,":[291],"any":[294],"ground-truth":[295],"time,":[300],"sets":[305],"methods,":[307],"which":[308],"do":[309],"use":[310],"locations.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
