{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1588168368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2440755","title":"Adaptive Metric Learning for Saliency Detection","display_name":"Adaptive Metric Learning for Saliency Detection","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1588168368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2440755","mag":"1588168368","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26054067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2440755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2440755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415972","display_name":"Shuang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-5421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","[School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006986293","display_name":"Huchuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-9758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huchuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","[School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101564904","display_name":"Zhe Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1154-9907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA",", Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047385834","display_name":"Xiaohui Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA",", Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110699179","display_name":"Brian Price","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA",", Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96312219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3321","last_page":"3331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.7527992725372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7144963145256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6452999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.596087634563446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5689669251441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.5140222311019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.44280731678009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4308055341243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4290030002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3954615592956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26159924268722534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.7527992725372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7144963145256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6452999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.596087634563446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5689669251441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5140222311019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.44280731678009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4308055341243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4290030002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3954615592956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26159924268722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2440755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2440755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26054067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26054067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5669947928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6989841983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DUT14YQ101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21025885","https://openalex.org/W1966385142","https://openalex.org/W1966822461","https://openalex.org/W1982075130","https://openalex.org/W1985984012","https://openalex.org/W1996326832","https://openalex.org/W2001709803","https://openalex.org/W2002574940","https://openalex.org/W2002781701","https://openalex.org/W2014987111","https://openalex.org/W2024713411","https://openalex.org/W2037954058","https://openalex.org/W2038455228","https://openalex.org/W2039313011","https://openalex.org/W2047670868","https://openalex.org/W2066624635","https://openalex.org/W2078132377","https://openalex.org/W2097878628","https://openalex.org/W2100470808","https://openalex.org/W2109824782","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2122076510","https://openalex.org/W2127807804","https://openalex.org/W2127983178","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2128340050","https://openalex.org/W2130502991","https://openalex.org/W2130556178","https://openalex.org/W2131297486","https://openalex.org/W2133858838","https://openalex.org/W2135957164","https://openalex.org/W2140654078","https://openalex.org/W2146103513","https://openalex.org/W2147278762","https://openalex.org/W2155599600","https://openalex.org/W2156777442","https://openalex.org/W2159772167","https://openalex.org/W2161185676","https://openalex.org/W2166650627","https://openalex.org/W2169495281","https://openalex.org/W2170023599","https://openalex.org/W2171378720","https://openalex.org/W2953235813","https://openalex.org/W3125520697","https://openalex.org/W4239147634","https://openalex.org/W6600850345","https://openalex.org/W6644696064","https://openalex.org/W6651042577","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6679401573","https://openalex.org/W6679570432","https://openalex.org/W6680437723","https://openalex.org/W6681738144","https://openalex.org/W6683766560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169159254","https://openalex.org/W3174657038","https://openalex.org/W1992732116","https://openalex.org/W2067578116","https://openalex.org/W2902494752","https://openalex.org/W2592471899","https://openalex.org/W2382061536","https://openalex.org/W4390673421","https://openalex.org/W4310043907","https://openalex.org/W2912862582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,48,110,141],"propose":[4,159],"a":[5,24,50,89,143],"novel":[6],"adaptive":[7],"metric":[8,62,68],"learning":[9,51,63,69],"algorithm":[10],"(AML)":[11],"for":[12],"visual":[13],"saliency":[14,22,175],"detection.":[15],"A":[16],"key":[17],"observation":[18],"is":[19],"that":[20,93,184],"the":[21,30,33,45,74,78,85,102,107,114,122,130,155,173,185,191],"of":[23,41,77,88],"superpixel":[25],"can":[26],"be":[27],"estimated":[28],"by":[29],"distance":[31,43,58],"from":[32,97,129,154],"most":[34,131],"certain":[35],"foreground":[36],"and":[37,65,105,116,119,165,168],"background":[38],"seeds.":[39],"Instead":[40],"measuring":[42],"on":[44,54,138,179],"Euclidean":[46],"space,":[47],"present":[49],"method":[52],"based":[53,137],"two":[55],"complementary":[56],"Mahalanobis":[57],"metrics:":[59],"1)":[60],"generic":[61],"(GML)":[64],"2)":[66],"specific":[67,86],"(SML).":[70],"GML":[71,115],"aims":[72],"at":[73],"global":[75],"distribution":[76],"whole":[79],"training":[80],"set,":[81],"while":[82],"SML":[83,117],"considers":[84],"structure":[87],"single":[90],"image.":[91],"Considering":[92],"multiple":[94],"similarity":[95],"measures":[96],"different":[98],"views":[99],"may":[100],"enhance":[101],"relevant":[103],"information":[104,170],"alleviate":[106],"irrelevant":[108],"one,":[109],"try":[111],"to":[112,149],"fuse":[113],"together":[118],"experimentally":[120],"find":[121],"combining":[123],"result":[124],"does":[125],"work":[126],"well.":[127],"Different":[128],"existing":[132],"methods":[133],"which":[134],"are":[135],"directly":[136],"low-level":[139],"features,":[140],"devise":[142],"superpixelwise":[144],"Fisher":[145],"vector":[146],"coding":[147],"approach":[148],"better":[150],"distinguish":[151],"salient":[152],"objects":[153],"background.":[156],"We":[157],"also":[158],"an":[160],"accurate":[161],"seeds":[162],"selection":[163],"mechanism":[164],"exploit":[166],"contextual":[167],"multiscale":[169],"when":[171],"constructing":[172],"final":[174],"map.":[176],"Experimental":[177],"results":[178],"various":[180],"image":[181],"sets":[182],"show":[183],"proposed":[186],"AML":[187],"performs":[188],"favorably":[189],"against":[190],"state-of-the-arts.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}