{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006420394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2428055","title":"SLED: Semantic Label Embedding Dictionary Representation for Multilabel Image Annotation","display_name":"SLED: Semantic Label Embedding Dictionary Representation for Multilabel Image Annotation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006420394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2428055","mag":"2006420394","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25935037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2428055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2428055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068837264","display_name":"Xiaochun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-708X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408716","display_name":"Hua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7627-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090356888","display_name":"Xiaojie Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330138","display_name":"Si Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-2935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018703681","display_name":"Dan Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6654-8552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96156587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"2746","last_page":"2759"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.77215975522995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.702139675617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6711326241493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6378198266029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-gap","display_name":"Semantic gap","score":0.5847315788269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5249000787734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5132777690887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","score":0.49297332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4832251965999603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.4701887369155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4478031396865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.439690500497818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3942481279373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.10440418124198914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.77215975522995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.702139675617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6711326241493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6378198266029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86034646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474311","display_name":"Semantic gap","level":4,"score":0.5847315788269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5249000787734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5132777690887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.49297332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4832251965999603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.4701887369155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4478031396865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.439690500497818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3942481279373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.10440418124198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2428055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2428055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25935037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25935037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1715314992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3326952325","display_name":"\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u53d6\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61332012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4845149962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013CB329305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6604318282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61422213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170967611","https://openalex.org/W1484654248","https://openalex.org/W1495177430","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1666447063","https://openalex.org/W1877469910","https://openalex.org/W1963932623","https://openalex.org/W1982405594","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W1986560547","https://openalex.org/W1994238794","https://openalex.org/W1998635907","https://openalex.org/W2004646046","https://openalex.org/W2007972815","https://openalex.org/W2025051526","https://openalex.org/W2028349405","https://openalex.org/W2037407504","https://openalex.org/W2072286734","https://openalex.org/W2077945429","https://openalex.org/W2082855665","https://openalex.org/W2084716923","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2110142955","https://openalex.org/W2112229395","https://openalex.org/W2113606819","https://openalex.org/W2117169652","https://openalex.org/W2118597426","https://openalex.org/W2123049467","https://openalex.org/W2125238156","https://openalex.org/W2127411609","https://openalex.org/W2128002512","https://openalex.org/W2129414564","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2132085065","https://openalex.org/W2135367695","https://openalex.org/W2136340547","https://openalex.org/W2139852318","https://openalex.org/W2140245639","https://openalex.org/W2141303268","https://openalex.org/W2147277317","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155231285","https://openalex.org/W2156336347","https://openalex.org/W2156637418","https://openalex.org/W2157732827","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2161258050","https://openalex.org/W2161561128","https://openalex.org/W2161566726","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164996087","https://openalex.org/W2165238043","https://openalex.org/W2167474603","https://openalex.org/W2429914308","https://openalex.org/W2536305071","https://openalex.org/W4205231485","https://openalex.org/W4238530616","https://openalex.org/W6606917465","https://openalex.org/W6629011444","https://openalex.org/W6629749147","https://openalex.org/W6636412649","https://openalex.org/W6637249095","https://openalex.org/W6639286751","https://openalex.org/W6659857369","https://openalex.org/W6676671045","https://openalex.org/W6676903177","https://openalex.org/W6678852649","https://openalex.org/W6679166005","https://openalex.org/W6679387265","https://openalex.org/W6679968957","https://openalex.org/W6680925037","https://openalex.org/W6682910470","https://openalex.org/W6683423765","https://openalex.org/W6683560012","https://openalex.org/W6684100978","https://openalex.org/W7038517902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287995534","https://openalex.org/W2998168123","https://openalex.org/W2944661354","https://openalex.org/W2050806332","https://openalex.org/W2061273563","https://openalex.org/W2905846897","https://openalex.org/W2573334707","https://openalex.org/W2970216048","https://openalex.org/W2507989420","https://openalex.org/W2546942002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"existing":[1,275],"methods":[2],"on":[3,9,122,253,259],"weakly":[4],"supervised":[5],"image":[6,229,251],"annotation":[7,206],"rely":[8],"jointly":[10],"unsupervised":[11],"feature":[12,77,145],"representation,":[13],"the":[14,35,38,42,46,56,60,75,83,88,101,106,123,144,158,169,174,179,197,201,205,209,223,243,249],"components":[15],"of":[16,45,55,104,115,131,147,200,226,245],"which":[17],"are":[18],"not":[19,50,72],"directly":[20],"correlated":[21],"with":[22,53,194,208],"specific":[23],"labels.":[24],"In":[25,204],"practical":[26],"cases,":[27],"however,":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30,49,109,154],"a":[31,65,113,129,190,219,227,237],"big":[32],"gap":[33],"between":[34,91,182],"training":[36,107,202],"and":[37,187,212],"testing":[39,47],"data,":[40],"say":[41],"label":[43,67,81,125,214,238,247],"combination":[44],"data":[48,108,262],"always":[51],"consistent":[52],"that":[54,71,265],"training.":[57],"To":[58],"bridge":[59],"gap,":[61],"this":[62],"paper":[63],"presents":[64],"semantic":[66,89,180],"embedding":[68],"dictionary":[69],"representation":[70,78,103,146],"only":[73],"achieves":[74],"discriminative":[76,102,210],"for":[79,94,162,248],"each":[80,148,246],"in":[82,173,185,189],"image,":[84],"but":[85],"also":[86],"mines":[87],"relevance":[90],"co-occurrence":[92,175],"labels":[93,188],"context":[95,170],"information.":[96],"More":[97],"specifically,":[98],"to":[99,136,141,157,167,196,241,270],"enhance":[100],"labels,":[105,133,176],"first":[110],"divided":[111],"into":[112],"set":[114],"overlapped":[116],"groups":[117,215],"by":[118],"graph":[119],"shift":[120],"based":[121,252],"exclusive":[124,132,213],"graph.":[126],"Afterward,":[127],"given":[128],"group":[130,220],"we":[134,177,235],"try":[135],"learn":[137],"multiple":[138],"label-specific":[139],"dictionaries":[140,186,211],"explicitly":[142],"decorrelate":[143],"label.":[149],"A":[150],"joint":[151],"optimization":[152],"approach":[153],"proposed":[155,267],"according":[156],"Fisher":[159],"discrimination":[160],"criterion":[161],"seeking":[163],"its":[164,254],"solution.":[165],"Then,":[166],"discover":[168],"information":[171],"hidden":[172],"explore":[178],"relationship":[181],"visual":[183],"words":[184],"multitask":[191],"learning":[192],"way":[193],"respect":[195],"reconstruction":[198,224,255],"coefficients":[199,225],"data.":[203],"stage,":[207],"as":[216,218],"well":[217],"sparsity":[221],"constraint,":[222],"test":[228,250],"can":[230],"be":[231],"easily":[232],"obtained.":[233],"Finally,":[234],"introduce":[236],"propagation":[239],"scheme":[240],"compute":[242],"score":[244],"coefficients.":[256],"Experimental":[257],"results":[258],"three":[260],"challenging":[261],"sets":[263],"demonstrate":[264],"our":[266],"method":[268],"leads":[269],"significant":[271],"performance":[272],"gains":[273],"over":[274],"methods.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
