{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080599172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2421437","title":"Neutral Face Classification Using Personalized Appearance Models for Fast and Robust Emotion Detection","display_name":"Neutral Face Classification Using Personalized Appearance Models for Fast and Robust Emotion Detection","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080599172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2421437","mag":"2080599172","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25872210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2421437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2421437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103071171","display_name":"Pojala Chiranjeevi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pojala Chiranjeevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India","[Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044982683","display_name":"Viswanath Gopalakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7813-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viswanath Gopalakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India","[Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100281681","display_name":"Pratibha Moogi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4770-6965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratibha Moogi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India","[Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Samsung Research and Development Institute Bangalore Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91341878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"2701","last_page":"2711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7674567699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7279695868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6939770579338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6102586388587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.488030344247818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.44718137383461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4362209439277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.42783230543136597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7674567699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7279695868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6939770579338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6102586388587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.488030344247818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.44718137383461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4362209439277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.42783230543136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2421437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2421437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25872210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25872210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34305967","https://openalex.org/W1483662103","https://openalex.org/W1581394280","https://openalex.org/W1596088243","https://openalex.org/W1977821862","https://openalex.org/W1992280180","https://openalex.org/W1997838579","https://openalex.org/W2016859189","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2053432263","https://openalex.org/W2056155424","https://openalex.org/W2075688085","https://openalex.org/W2101965618","https://openalex.org/W2102570318","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2108445559","https://openalex.org/W2109434346","https://openalex.org/W2110068575","https://openalex.org/W2127462305","https://openalex.org/W2135915000","https://openalex.org/W2140351517","https://openalex.org/W2143899944","https://openalex.org/W2145310492","https://openalex.org/W2151043394","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2172803778","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W3108523402","https://openalex.org/W4210993929","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6682634897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W4281727072","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W1532073221","https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2112875849","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"expression":[1,28],"recognition":[2,15,29,239],"is":[3,19,32,75,169,197],"one":[4],"of":[5,63,84,159,175,194,206,220,247],"the":[6,35,46,60,85,113,134,201,214,218,227,248],"open":[7],"problems":[8],"in":[9,16,59,87],"computer":[10],"vision.":[11],"Robust":[12],"neutral":[13,81,98,123,143,161],"face":[14],"real":[17],"time":[18,86],"a":[20,121,131,151,157,186,204,235],"major":[21],"challenge":[22],"for":[23,82,163,181],"various":[24,173],"supervised":[25,38,136],"learning-based":[26],"facial":[27,54,222],"methods.":[30],"This":[31],"due":[33],"to":[34,50,72,133,172,191],"fact":[36],"that":[37],"methods":[39],"cannot":[40],"accommodate":[41],"all":[42],"appearance":[43,144],"variability":[44],"across":[45],"faces":[47],"with":[48],"respect":[49],"race,":[51],"pose,":[52],"lighting,":[53],"biases,":[55],"and":[56,69,242],"so":[57],"on,":[58],"limited":[61],"amount":[62],"training":[64],"data.":[65],"Moreover,":[66],"processing":[67],"each":[68,164,210],"every":[70],"frame":[71],"classify":[73],"emotions":[74],"not":[76],"required,":[77],"as":[78,130,234,251],"user":[79,176],"stays":[80],"majority":[83],"usual":[88],"applications":[89],"like":[90],"video":[91],"chat":[92],"or":[93],"photo":[94],"album/web":[95],"browsing.":[96],"Detecting":[97],"state":[99],"at":[100,145],"an":[101],"early":[102],"stage,":[103],"thereby":[104],"bypassing":[105],"those":[106],"frames":[107,162],"from":[108],"emotion":[109,125,137,147,238],"classification":[110,126,138],"would":[111],"save":[112],"computational":[114,245],"power.":[115],"In":[116],"this":[117],"paper,":[118],"we":[119],"propose":[120],"light-weight":[122],"versus":[124],"engine,":[127],"which":[128],"acts":[129],"pre-processer":[132],"traditional":[135],"approaches.":[139],"It":[140],"dynamically":[141],"learns":[142],"key":[146],"(KE)":[148],"points":[149,196],"using":[150,213],"statistical":[152,187],"texture":[153,188],"model,":[154],"constructed":[155],"by":[156,179,199],"set":[158],"reference":[160],"user.":[165],"The":[166,231],"proposed":[167,232],"method":[168],"made":[170],"robust":[171],"types":[174],"head":[177],"motions":[178],"accounting":[180],"affine":[182],"distortions":[183],"based":[184],"on":[185,203,226,253],"model.":[189],"Robustness":[190],"dynamic":[192],"shift":[193],"KE":[195,211,229],"achieved":[198],"evaluating":[200],"similarities":[202],"subset":[205],"neighborhood":[207],"patches":[208],"around":[209],"point":[212],"prior":[215],"information":[216],"regarding":[217],"directionality":[219],"specific":[221],"action":[223],"units":[224],"acting":[225],"respective":[228],"point.":[230],"method,":[233],"result,":[236],"improves":[237],"(ER)":[240],"accuracy":[241],"simultaneously":[243],"reduces":[244],"complexity":[246],"ER":[249],"system,":[250],"validated":[252],"multiple":[254],"databases.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}