{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973962379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2417498","title":"Machine Learning-Based Coding Unit Depth Decisions for Flexible Complexity Allocation in High Efficiency Video Coding","display_name":"Machine Learning-Based Coding Unit Depth Decisions for Flexible Complexity Allocation in High Efficiency Video Coding","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973962379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2417498","mag":"1973962379","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2417498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2417498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108046740","display_name":"Yun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008386708","display_name":"Sam Kwong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Kwong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Research Institute, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science The City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science The City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407860","display_name":"Xu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-6468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071576848","display_name":"Hui Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-3393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","School of Information science and engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information science and engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058087031","display_name":"Zhaoqing Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-399X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoqing Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, School of Computer & Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, School of Computer & Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100647349","display_name":"Long Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-2876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing \u2010 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing \u2010 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.5854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99596536,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"2225","last_page":"2238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6416423320770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6265415549278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.575782299041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-tree-unit","display_name":"Coding tree unit","score":0.5645540356636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.507351815700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.48288798332214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4520171284675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-efficiency","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","score":0.44751405715942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4276270866394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3856141269207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.253098726272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12167319655418396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6416423320770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6265415549278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.575782299041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190750250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13533439","display_name":"Coding tree unit","level":3,"score":0.5645540356636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.507351815700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.48288798332214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4520171284675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116709606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","level":3,"score":0.44751405715942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4276270866394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3856141269207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.253098726272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12167319655418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2417498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2417498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25826804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2592312391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61202242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3187506800","display_name":"\u591a\u89c6\u70b9\u89c6\u9891\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u51b3\u7b56\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61272289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4582580041","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u9ad8\u65483D\u89c6\u9891\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5","funder_award_id":"61471348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6485496291","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u89c6\u89c9\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u591a\u89c6\u70b9\u89c6\u9891\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61102088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964348393","https://openalex.org/W1975436487","https://openalex.org/W2012722900","https://openalex.org/W2047079415","https://openalex.org/W2056576115","https://openalex.org/W2057403270","https://openalex.org/W2059840309","https://openalex.org/W2061723505","https://openalex.org/W2066158659","https://openalex.org/W2074754798","https://openalex.org/W2077743816","https://openalex.org/W2082392931","https://openalex.org/W2100778576","https://openalex.org/W2100805904","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2104283904","https://openalex.org/W2109519887","https://openalex.org/W2132476652","https://openalex.org/W2143888767","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2150400376","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2230785927","https://openalex.org/W2979673094","https://openalex.org/W2979990382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403124343","https://openalex.org/W1987778158","https://openalex.org/W4362519939","https://openalex.org/W2108288699","https://openalex.org/W4399356259","https://openalex.org/W2282705090","https://openalex.org/W2551340648","https://openalex.org/W2010408989","https://openalex.org/W4388069711","https://openalex.org/W2235484757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,36],"propose":[4],"a":[5,49,57,85,107],"machine":[6],"learning-based":[7],"fast":[8],"coding":[9,79],"unit":[10],"(CU)":[11],"depth":[12,40,60,72,132,148],"decision":[13,41,54,61,73,149],"method":[14],"for":[15,118],"High":[16],"Efficiency":[17],"Video":[18],"Coding":[19],"(HEVC),":[20],"which":[21,65,122,190],"optimizes":[22],"the":[23,67,78,101,115,119,127,145,153,167,197,203],"complexity":[24,80,128,155],"allocation":[25],"at":[26,133],"CU":[27,39,59,71,131,147],"level":[28],"with":[29,94,166],"given":[30,134],"rate-distortion":[31],"(RD)":[32],"cost":[33],"constraints.":[34,137],"First,":[35],"analyze":[37],"quad-tree":[38],"process":[42],"in":[43,129],"HEVC":[44,169],"and":[45,81,160,178,186],"model":[46,110],"it":[47],"as":[48],"three-level":[50],"of":[51,69,90,103,125,196,202],"hierarchical":[52],"binary":[53,92],"problem.":[55],"Second,":[56],"flexible":[58],"structure":[62],"is":[63,97,111,123,191],"presented,":[64],"allows":[66],"performances":[68],"each":[70,130],"be":[74],"smoothly":[75],"transferred":[76],"between":[77],"RD":[82,135],"performance.":[83],"Then,":[84],"three-output":[86],"joint":[87,120],"classifier":[88],"consists":[89],"multiple":[91],"classifiers":[93],"different":[95],"parameters":[96,117],"designed":[98],"to":[99,113,158],"control":[100],"risk":[102],"false":[104],"prediction.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"sophisticated":[108],"RD-complexity":[109],"derived":[112],"determine":[114],"optimal":[116],"classifier,":[121],"capable":[124],"minimizing":[126],"degradation":[136],"Comparative":[138],"experiments":[139],"over":[140],"various":[141],"sequences":[142],"show":[143],"that":[144],"proposed":[146,198],"algorithm":[150,199],"can":[151],"reduce":[152],"computational":[154],"from":[156],"28.82%":[157],"70.93%,":[159],"51.45%":[161],"on":[162,188],"average":[163],"when":[164],"compared":[165],"original":[168],"test":[170],"model.":[171],"The":[172,193],"Bj\u00f8ntegaard":[173,179],"delta":[174,180],"peak":[175],"signal-to-noise":[176],"ratio":[177],"bit":[181],"rate":[182],"are":[183],"-0.061":[184],"dB":[185],"1.98%":[187],"average,":[189],"negligible.":[192],"overall":[194],"performance":[195],"outperforms":[200],"those":[201],"state-of-the-art":[204],"schemes.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
