{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033810668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2409559","title":"Swarm Intelligence for Detecting Interesting Events in Crowded Environments","display_name":"Swarm Intelligence for Detecting Interesting Events in Crowded Environments","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033810668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2409559","mag":"2033810668","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25769154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2409559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2409559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071251057","display_name":"Vagia Kaltsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-1234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vagia Kaltsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","Multimedia Knowledge and Social Media Analytics Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Knowledge and Social Media Analytics Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039798361","display_name":"Alexia Briassouli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-3215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexia Briassouli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Knowledge and Social Media Analytics Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Knowledge and Social Media Analytics Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084122016","display_name":"Ioannis Kompatsiaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-9020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Kompatsiaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Knowledge and Social Media Analytics Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Knowledge and Social Media Analytics Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072772953","display_name":"Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020164516","display_name":"M.G. Strintzis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gerasimos Strintzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.7709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99271623,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"2153","last_page":"2166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7516095638275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7464916110038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7294034361839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.689190149307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6283853650093079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5897511839866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5420774221420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.506529688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4800880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.43099355697631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4306439459323883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.4297766387462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.41995781660079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.41201716661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2056988775730133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17414307594299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.11327850818634033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7516095638275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7464916110038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7294034361839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.689190149307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6283853650093079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5897511839866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5420774221420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.506529688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4800880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.43099355697631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4306439459323883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.4297766387462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.41995781660079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.41201716661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2056988775730133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17414307594299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.11327850818634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2409559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2409559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25769154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25769154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176861349","https://openalex.org/W1777687615","https://openalex.org/W1967456674","https://openalex.org/W1970088130","https://openalex.org/W1975786929","https://openalex.org/W1978925920","https://openalex.org/W1983103633","https://openalex.org/W1991597092","https://openalex.org/W2012931101","https://openalex.org/W2015461918","https://openalex.org/W2015876616","https://openalex.org/W2036555735","https://openalex.org/W2041390734","https://openalex.org/W2047016883","https://openalex.org/W2065249004","https://openalex.org/W2068627809","https://openalex.org/W2093522708","https://openalex.org/W2097363716","https://openalex.org/W2098984471","https://openalex.org/W2106956504","https://openalex.org/W2110934250","https://openalex.org/W2122361470","https://openalex.org/W2123557418","https://openalex.org/W2125105611","https://openalex.org/W2138092272","https://openalex.org/W2140233853","https://openalex.org/W2142412278","https://openalex.org/W2156358444","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163612318","https://openalex.org/W2164261375","https://openalex.org/W2164489414","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W3143144647","https://openalex.org/W4247760752","https://openalex.org/W6607219704","https://openalex.org/W6680470121","https://openalex.org/W6884942452","https://openalex.org/W7055472231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308079021","https://openalex.org/W1527337688","https://openalex.org/W2026486063","https://openalex.org/W2048054807","https://openalex.org/W2746377055","https://openalex.org/W4386001959","https://openalex.org/W2594296178","https://openalex.org/W4304182880","https://openalex.org/W3089846858","https://openalex.org/W2159541481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,47,120,133],"detecting":[4],"and":[5,22,86,113,152],"localizing":[6],"anomalous":[7],"events":[8],"in":[9,106],"videos":[10],"of":[11,34,40,51,61,70,95,109,144],"crowded":[12,62],"scenes,":[13],"i.e.,":[14],"divergences":[15],"from":[16],"a":[17,37,77,115,175],"dominant":[18],"pattern.":[19],"Both":[20],"motion":[21,87],"appearance":[23,85],"information":[24],"are":[25,73,89],"considered,":[26],"so":[27],"as":[28,130,132],"to":[29,57,75,98,101,137,171],"robustly":[30],"distinguish":[31],"different":[32],"kinds":[33],"anomalies,":[35,112],"for":[36,166],"wide":[38],"range":[39],"scenarios.":[41],"A":[42],"newly":[43],"introduced":[44],"concept":[45],"based":[46],"swarm":[48],"theory,":[49],"histograms":[50,69],"oriented":[52,71],"swarms":[53],"(HOS),":[54],"is":[55],"applied":[56],"capture":[58],"the":[59,67,107,141,145,149,155],"dynamics":[60],"environments.":[63],"HOS,":[64],"together":[65],"with":[66,127],"well-known":[68],"gradients,":[72],"combined":[74],"build":[76],"descriptor":[78],"that":[79,139,158],"effectively":[80],"characterizes":[81],"each":[82],"scene.":[83],"These":[84],"features":[88],"only":[90],"extracted":[91],"within":[92],"spatiotemporal":[93],"volumes":[94],"moving":[96],"pixels":[97],"ensure":[99],"robustness":[100],"local":[102],"noise,":[103],"increase":[104],"accuracy":[105],"detection":[108,169],"local,":[110],"nondominant":[111],"achieve":[114],"lower":[116],"computational":[117,177],"cost.":[118,178],"Experiments":[119],"benchmark":[121],"data":[122],"sets":[123],"containing":[124],"various":[125],"situations":[126],"human":[128],"crowds,":[129],"well":[131],"traffic":[134],"data,":[135],"led":[136],"results":[138],"surpassed":[140],"current":[142],"state":[143],"art":[146],"(SoA),":[147],"confirming":[148],"method's":[150],"efficacy":[151],"generality.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"experiments":[156],"show":[157],"our":[159],"approach":[160],"achieves":[161],"significantly":[162],"higher":[163],"accuracy,":[164],"especially":[165],"pixel-level":[167],"event":[168],"compared":[170],"SoA":[172],"methods,":[173],"at":[174],"low":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
