{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040614551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2395713","title":"Predicting Eye Fixations With Higher-Level Visual Features","display_name":"Predicting Eye Fixations With Higher-Level Visual Features","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040614551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2395713","mag":"2040614551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25622314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2395713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2395713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021434848","display_name":"Ming Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-9041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153682","display_name":"Intelligent Health (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0576zak10","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004579631","display_name":"Xiaolin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-7354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94459931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"1178","last_page":"1189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7338786125183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7284340858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","score":0.5585880279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5492796301841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5354428887367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5155205726623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4910006821155548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.4388481378555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.42692792415618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4263323247432709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.42052358388900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4180942475795746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2392658293247223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7338786125183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7284340858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5585880279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5492796301841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5354428887367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5155205726623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4910006821155548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4388481378555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.42692792415618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4263323247432709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.42052358388900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4180942475795746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2392658293247223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005403","descriptor_name":"Fixation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2395713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2015.2395713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25622314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25622314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G179975616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91120011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5531878825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61273023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5656524672","display_name":"\u751f\u7269\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7279\u6027\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"91420201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G825541959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61332007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497094965","https://openalex.org/W1497599070","https://openalex.org/W1510835000","https://openalex.org/W1784695092","https://openalex.org/W1968001820","https://openalex.org/W1974689608","https://openalex.org/W2008066834","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2028327943","https://openalex.org/W2032007016","https://openalex.org/W2034436892","https://openalex.org/W2036718463","https://openalex.org/W2037090920","https://openalex.org/W2037328649","https://openalex.org/W2040253108","https://openalex.org/W2041719651","https://openalex.org/W2055111849","https://openalex.org/W2061376149","https://openalex.org/W2064440086","https://openalex.org/W2066477856","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2073767010","https://openalex.org/W2078903912","https://openalex.org/W2080995863","https://openalex.org/W2090974309","https://openalex.org/W2093353037","https://openalex.org/W2094493060","https://openalex.org/W2097295641","https://openalex.org/W2098580305","https://openalex.org/W2102541323","https://openalex.org/W2107055466","https://openalex.org/W2109507837","https://openalex.org/W2111997583","https://openalex.org/W2116783544","https://openalex.org/W2118108312","https://openalex.org/W2119062619","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2123335490","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2130698119","https://openalex.org/W2133589685","https://openalex.org/W2135957164","https://openalex.org/W2137484966","https://openalex.org/W2139047169","https://openalex.org/W2139076245","https://openalex.org/W2144251503","https://openalex.org/W2144982973","https://openalex.org/W2146103513","https://openalex.org/W2149095485","https://openalex.org/W2149194912","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151996626","https://openalex.org/W2158983298","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162349892","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165263771","https://openalex.org/W2169177311","https://openalex.org/W2169561119","https://openalex.org/W2169632643","https://openalex.org/W2171590216","https://openalex.org/W2801844694","https://openalex.org/W2921629193","https://openalex.org/W6629672220","https://openalex.org/W6676006193","https://openalex.org/W6679676526","https://openalex.org/W6680437723","https://openalex.org/W6680614221","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684745935","https://openalex.org/W6684872329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079577662","https://openalex.org/W2891498671","https://openalex.org/W1970967781","https://openalex.org/W2067543086","https://openalex.org/W3095090310","https://openalex.org/W124311513","https://openalex.org/W2048521314","https://openalex.org/W3169544012","https://openalex.org/W4386895392","https://openalex.org/W2775517610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Saliency":[0],"map":[1,4],"and":[2,41,64,110,124,128,162,185,193],"object":[3],"are":[5,24],"the":[6,11,15,65,88,102,108,111,150,154,163,183,189,194,208,218,228,255],"two":[7,119,209],"contrasting":[8],"hypotheses":[9],"for":[10,48,247],"mechanisms":[12],"utilized":[13],"by":[14,79,158],"visual":[16],"system":[17],"to":[18,168],"guide":[19],"eye":[20,50,60,249],"fixations":[21,61,250],"when":[22],"humans":[23],"freely":[25],"viewing":[26,257],"natural":[27,143,252],"images.":[28],"Most":[29],"computational":[30],"studies":[31],"define":[32],"saliency":[33,43,67],"as":[34,44],"outliers":[35],"of":[36,38,90,104,201,227],"distributions":[37],"low-level":[39,109,136,156,170,191,220,245],"features,":[40,126],"propose":[42],"an":[45],"important":[46],"factor":[47],"predicting":[49,248],"fixations.":[51],"Psychophysical":[52],"studies,":[53],"however,":[54],"suggest":[55],"that":[56,87,149,181,236],"high-level":[57],"objects":[58],"predict":[59],"more":[62,242],"accurately":[63],"early":[66],"only":[68],"has":[69,76],"a":[70,80,159,175],"minor":[71],"effect.":[72],"But":[73],"this":[74,115],"view":[75],"been":[77],"challenged":[78],"study":[81],"which":[82],"shows":[83],"opposite":[84],"results,":[85],"suggesting":[86],"role":[89,103],"object-level":[91,112,125,164,186],"features":[92,106,239,246],"needs":[93],"further":[94],"investigations.":[95],"In":[96,114],"addition,":[97],"little":[98],"is":[99,166],"known":[100],"about":[101],"intermediate":[105],"between":[107],"features.":[113,137],"paper,":[116],"we":[117],"construct":[118],"models":[120,157,187,211],"based":[121,134],"on":[122,135,140,174,225,251],"mid-level":[123,151,184],"respectively,":[127],"compare":[129],"their":[130],"performances":[131],"against":[132],"those":[133],"Quantitative":[138,172],"evaluation":[139,173],"three":[141,199],"benchmark":[142],"image":[144],"fixation":[145,177],"data":[146,178,229],"sets":[147],"demonstrates":[148,180],"model":[152,165,221],"outperforms":[153],"state-of-the-art":[155,190],"significant":[160],"margin":[161],"inferior":[167],"most":[169],"models.":[171],"video":[176],"set":[179],"both":[182],"outperform":[188],"models,":[192],"latter":[195],"performs":[196],"better":[197],"under":[198],"out":[200],"four":[202],"standard":[203],"metrics.":[204],"When":[205],"combined":[206],"together":[207],"proposed":[210],"achieve":[212],"even":[213],"higher":[214,237],"performance.":[215],"However,":[216],"incorporating":[217],"best":[219],"yields":[222],"negligible":[223],"improvements":[224],"all":[226],"sets.":[230],"Taken":[231],"together,":[232],"these":[233],"results":[234],"indicate":[235],"level":[238],"may":[240],"be":[241],"effective":[243],"than":[244],"images":[253],"in":[254],"free":[256],"condition.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
