{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070237190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2371532","title":"BIK-BUS: Biologically Motivated 3D Keypoint Based on Bottom-Up Saliency","display_name":"BIK-BUS: Biologically Motivated 3D Keypoint Based on Bottom-Up Saliency","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070237190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2371532","mag":"2070237190","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25420258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2371532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2371532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008204900","display_name":"S\u00edlvio Filipe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-0380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161321875","display_name":"University of Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvio Filipe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e0, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e0, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054494771","display_name":"Laurent Itti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0168-2977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Itti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009791474","display_name":"Lu\u0131\u0301s A. Alexandre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5133-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161321875","display_name":"University of Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis A. Alexandre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e0, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e0, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9461101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"163","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7788790464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7174053192138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6920732259750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.6801062226295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6735104918479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.549519956111908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5327194929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.47966650128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.47706735134124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4481045603752136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7788790464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7174053192138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6920732259750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.6801062226295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6735104918479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.549519956111908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5327194929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.47966650128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.47706735134124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4481045603752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011323","descriptor_name":"Primates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011323","descriptor_name":"Primates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011323","descriptor_name":"Primates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2371532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2371532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25420258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25420258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2136898029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/72575/2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G810265877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1317433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14879752","https://openalex.org/W15464162","https://openalex.org/W194047500","https://openalex.org/W1497599070","https://openalex.org/W1505641881","https://openalex.org/W1509881158","https://openalex.org/W1564871316","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1904276390","https://openalex.org/W1980911747","https://openalex.org/W1989625560","https://openalex.org/W2033574012","https://openalex.org/W2041469568","https://openalex.org/W2054802006","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2062383499","https://openalex.org/W2063463366","https://openalex.org/W2067956279","https://openalex.org/W2098764590","https://openalex.org/W2099046646","https://openalex.org/W2102796633","https://openalex.org/W2108337347","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2116032541","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2133098875","https://openalex.org/W2134601920","https://openalex.org/W2139114878","https://openalex.org/W2142768220","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151837863","https://openalex.org/W2152752164","https://openalex.org/W2152864241","https://openalex.org/W2154980168","https://openalex.org/W2156222070","https://openalex.org/W2160643963","https://openalex.org/W2160821342","https://openalex.org/W2161168419","https://openalex.org/W2162601563","https://openalex.org/W2170208355","https://openalex.org/W2706971304","https://openalex.org/W3040777582","https://openalex.org/W4245934862","https://openalex.org/W6607929386","https://openalex.org/W6629672220","https://openalex.org/W6634014874","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6639814392","https://openalex.org/W6683253545","https://openalex.org/W6780413204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329500892","https://openalex.org/W28991112","https://openalex.org/W2370726991","https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W2369710579","https://openalex.org/W2545348020","https://openalex.org/W4327728159","https://openalex.org/W2912751582","https://openalex.org/W1990856605","https://openalex.org/W2130893381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,15,33,46,70,85,110,130,161,201,222,245,278,287],"the":[2,13,31,80,86,108,113,131,159,170,182,187,208,217,223,227,234,240,252,267,285,288,298],"major":[3],"problems":[4],"found":[5],"when":[6,233],"developing":[7],"a":[8,27,67,97,104,138,142,153,197],"3D":[9,34,47,51,72,91,99,154,204,211,258],"recognition":[10,231,279],"system":[11,183],"involves":[12],"choice":[14],"keypoint":[16,48,75,164,205,212,259,289],"detector":[17,49,76,206,237,290],"and":[18,39,50,59,82,134,140,229,282,291,301],"descriptor.":[19],"To":[20],"help":[21],"solve":[22],"this":[23,175,178,308],"problem,":[24],"we":[25,40,302],"present":[26],"new":[28],"method":[29],"for":[30],"detection":[32],"keypoints":[35,92],"on":[36,57,96,261],"point":[37],"clouds":[38],"perform":[41],"benchmarking":[42],"between":[43],"each":[44],"pair":[45],"descriptor":[52,292],"to":[53,169,184,186,294,297,306],"evaluate":[54],"their":[55],"performance":[56],"object":[58,230],"category":[60,228],"recognition.":[61],"These":[62,146],"evaluations":[63],"are":[64,93,150,273],"done":[65],"in":[66,112,137,141,174,220,226,243,276],"public":[68],"database":[69],"real":[71],"objects.":[73],"Our":[74],"is":[77,119,166,251,264],"inspired":[78,257],"by":[79,121,215],"behavior":[81],"neural":[83],"architecture":[84],"primate":[87],"visual":[88,114],"system.":[89],"The":[90,116,192,248],"extracted":[94],"based":[95,260],"bottom-up":[98,139,262],"saliency":[100,109,117,155,263],"map,":[101],"that":[102,106,271],"is,":[103],"map":[105,118,156],"encodes":[107],"objects":[111],"environment.":[115],"determined":[120],"computing":[122],"conspicuity":[123,148],"maps":[124,149],"(a":[125],"combination":[126],"across":[127],"different":[128],"modalities)":[129],"orientation,":[132],"intensity,":[133],"color":[135],"information":[136],"purely":[143],"stimulus-driven":[144],"manner.":[145],"three":[147],"fused":[151],"into":[152],"and,":[157],"finally,":[158],"focus":[160],"attention":[162],"(or":[163],"location)":[165],"sequentially":[167],"directed":[168],"most":[171,189],"salient":[172,190],"points":[173],"map.":[176],"Inhibiting":[177],"location":[179],"automatically":[180],"allows":[181],"attend":[185],"next":[188],"location.":[191],"main":[193],"conclusions":[194],"are:":[195],"with":[196],"similar":[198],"average":[199],"number":[200],"keypoints,":[202],"our":[203],"outperforms":[207],"other":[209,268],"eight":[210,244],"detectors":[213],"evaluated":[214,224],"achieving":[216],"best":[218,236,241],"result":[219,242],"32":[221],"metrics":[225],"experiments,":[232],"second":[235],"only":[238],"obtained":[239],"these":[246],"metrics.":[247],"unique":[249],"drawback":[250],"computational":[253],"time,":[254],"since":[255],"biologically":[256],"slower":[265],"than":[266],"detectors.":[269],"Given":[270],"there":[272],"big":[274],"differences":[275],"terms":[277],"performance,":[280],"size":[281],"time":[283],"requirements,":[284],"selection":[286],"has":[293],"be":[295],"matched":[296],"desired":[299],"task":[300],"give":[303],"some":[304],"directions":[305],"facilitate":[307],"choice.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}