{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015207482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2366600","title":"Fast Global Image Smoothing Based on Weighted Least Squares","display_name":"Fast Global Image Smoothing Based on Weighted Least Squares","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015207482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2366600","mag":"2015207482","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25373085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2366600","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2366600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108106727","display_name":"Dongbo Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongbo Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","Advanced Digital Sciences Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080397654","display_name":"Sung\u2010Hwan Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunghwan Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","Yonsei university"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei university","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084252480","display_name":"Jiangbo Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-3140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangbo Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","Advanced Digital Sciences Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054888241","display_name":"Bumsub Ham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-8161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bumsub Ham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Willow Team, INRIA Grenoble-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, Grenoble, France","INRIA Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Willow Team, INRIA Grenoble-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073320959","display_name":"Kwanghoon Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-0331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwanghoon Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","Yonsei university"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei university","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005908865","display_name":"N. Minh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-4986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh N. Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108106727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.5591,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":364,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99445174,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"5638","last_page":"5653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.76408851146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5262022614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5086480379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4776374399662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.43540889024734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35027116537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14986711740493774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.76408851146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5262022614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5086480379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4776374399662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43540889024734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35027116537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14986711740493774}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2366600","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2366600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25373085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25373085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168460524","https://openalex.org/W1766888123","https://openalex.org/W1964772475","https://openalex.org/W1966040142","https://openalex.org/W1976452778","https://openalex.org/W1998587681","https://openalex.org/W2002955791","https://openalex.org/W2019647239","https://openalex.org/W2019904315","https://openalex.org/W2020368789","https://openalex.org/W2061052400","https://openalex.org/W2065533005","https://openalex.org/W2070604790","https://openalex.org/W2078718577","https://openalex.org/W2082253268","https://openalex.org/W2083509580","https://openalex.org/W2086809533","https://openalex.org/W2096768337","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2103423579","https://openalex.org/W2104599718","https://openalex.org/W2104600947","https://openalex.org/W2109991658","https://openalex.org/W2124202434","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2125637308","https://openalex.org/W2126043703","https://openalex.org/W2128298440","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136154655","https://openalex.org/W2141957843","https://openalex.org/W2144531167","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2160956336","https://openalex.org/W2161328579","https://openalex.org/W2162618331","https://openalex.org/W2164822588","https://openalex.org/W2168745297","https://openalex.org/W2244684328","https://openalex.org/W2996868574","https://openalex.org/W2997095758","https://openalex.org/W2998514558","https://openalex.org/W3139167831","https://openalex.org/W4241716071","https://openalex.org/W4244187964","https://openalex.org/W4247811648","https://openalex.org/W6606877702","https://openalex.org/W6675465550","https://openalex.org/W6678681887","https://openalex.org/W6678827375","https://openalex.org/W6681426593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W4285140130","https://openalex.org/W3104770499","https://openalex.org/W4285677055","https://openalex.org/W1992731528","https://openalex.org/W2007843488","https://openalex.org/W1994436307","https://openalex.org/W1987021796","https://openalex.org/W2795565301","https://openalex.org/W4387886124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,154,175],"efficient":[4,102],"technique":[5],"for":[6,39,180],"performing":[7],"a":[8,25,29,65,71,81,111,195],"spatially":[9],"inhomogeneous":[10],"edge-preserving":[11,103,117],"image":[12,198],"smoothing,":[13],"called":[14],"fast":[15,116,161],"global":[16,47,121],"smoother.":[17],"Focusing":[18],"on":[19],"sparse":[20],"Laplacian":[21,90],"matrices":[22,91],"consisting":[23],"of":[24,56,73,98,127,191,197],"data":[26,178,183],"term":[27,31,179],"and":[28,105,173,189,200],"prior":[30],"(typically":[32],"defined":[33,63],"using":[34],"four":[35],"or":[36],"eight":[37],"neighbors":[38],"2D":[40],"image),":[41],"our":[42,192],"approach":[43,94],"efficiently":[44],"solves":[45],"such":[46],"objective":[48,155],"functions.":[49],"In":[50],"particular,":[51],"we":[52,157],"approximate":[53],"the":[54,57,96,115,128,139,150,187],"solution":[55],"memory-and":[58],"computation-intensive":[59],"large":[60],"linear":[61],"system,":[62],"over":[64],"d-dimensional":[66],"spatial":[67],"domain,":[68],"by":[69],"solving":[70],"sequence":[72],"1D":[74],"subsystems.":[75],"Our":[76,93,108,132],"separable":[77],"implementation":[78],"enables":[79],"applying":[80],"linear-time":[82],"tridiagonal":[83],"matrix":[84],"algorithm":[85],"to":[86,114],"solve":[87],"d":[88],"three-point":[89],"iteratively.":[92],"combines":[95],"best":[97],"two":[99],"paradigms,":[100],"i.e.,":[101],"filters":[104],"optimization-based":[106,141],"smoothing.":[107],"method":[109,133],"has":[110],"comparable":[112],"runtime":[113],"filters,":[118],"but":[119,143],"its":[120],"optimization":[122],"formulation":[123],"overcomes":[124],"many":[125],"limitations":[126],"local":[129],"filtering":[130],"approaches.":[131],"also":[134],"achieves":[135],"high-quality":[136],"results":[137],"as":[138],"state-of-the-art":[140],"techniques,":[142],"runs":[144],"\u223c10-30":[145],"times":[146],"faster.":[147],"Besides,":[148],"considering":[149],"flexibility":[151],"in":[152,194],"defining":[153],"function,":[156],"further":[158],"propose":[159],"generalized":[160],"algorithms":[162],"that":[163],"perform":[164],"L\u03b3":[165],"norm":[166],"smoothing":[167],"(0":[168],"<":[169,171],"\u03b3":[170],"2)":[172],"support":[174],"aggregated":[176],"(robust)":[177],"handling":[181],"imprecise":[182],"constraints.":[184],"We":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"efficiency":[190],"techniques":[193],"range":[196],"processing":[199],"computer":[201],"graphics":[202],"applications.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
