{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040953223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2310126","title":"Statistical Model of Quantized DCT Coefficients: Application in the Steganalysis of Jsteg Algorithm","display_name":"Statistical Model of Quantized DCT Coefficients: Application in the Steganalysis of Jsteg Algorithm","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040953223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2310126","mag":"2040953223","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24710399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2310126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2310126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utt.hal.science/hal-02362387","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091592720","display_name":"Thanh Hai Thai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5050-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140494188","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Troyes","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhqcj41","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Hai Thai","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICD, ROSAS, Laboratory of Systems Modelling and Dependability, Troyes University of Technology, Troyes, France","Lab. of Syst. Modelling & Dependability, Troyes Univ. of Technol., Troyes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICD, ROSAS, Laboratory of Systems Modelling and Dependability, Troyes University of Technology, Troyes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. of Syst. Modelling & Dependability, Troyes Univ. of Technol., Troyes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030924469","display_name":"R\u00e9mi Cogranne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-4694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140494188","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Troyes","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhqcj41","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Remi Cogranne","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICD, ROSAS, Laboratory of Systems Modelling and Dependability, Troyes University of Technology, Troyes, France","Lab. of Syst. Modelling & Dependability, Troyes Univ. of Technol., Troyes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICD, ROSAS, Laboratory of Systems Modelling and Dependability, Troyes University of Technology, Troyes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. of Syst. Modelling & Dependability, Troyes Univ. of Technol., Troyes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066992369","display_name":"Florent Retraint","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9273-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140494188","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Troyes","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhqcj41","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florent Retraint","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICD, ROSAS, Laboratory of Systems Modelling and Dependability, Troyes University of Technology, Troyes, France","Lab. of Syst. Modelling & Dependability, Troyes Univ. of Technol., Troyes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICD, ROSAS, Laboratory of Systems Modelling and Dependability, Troyes University of Technology, Troyes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. of Syst. Modelling & Dependability, Troyes Univ. of Technol., Troyes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091592720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140494188"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97374593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"1980","last_page":"1993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.871228039264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.8402546644210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.7851025462150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5819616913795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5792226195335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.546796977519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.51959228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5135707855224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.48182860016822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4635550081729889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transform-coding","display_name":"Transform coding","score":0.43975016474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.43966230750083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43573760986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4017219543457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35478293895721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.3330056667327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.29869091510772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1958937644958496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.871228039264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.8402546644210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.7851025462150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5819616913795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5792226195335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.546796977519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.51959228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5135707855224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.48182860016822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4635550081729889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.43975016474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.43966230750083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43573760986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4017219543457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35478293895721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.3330056667327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.29869091510772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1958937644958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2310126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2310126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24710399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24710399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02362387v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://utt.hal.science/hal-02362387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2014, 23 (5), pp.1980-1993. &#x27E8;10.1109/TIP.2014.2310126&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02362387v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://utt.hal.science/hal-02362387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2014, 23 (5), pp.1980-1993. &#x27E8;10.1109/TIP.2014.2310126&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W29803638","https://openalex.org/W188712832","https://openalex.org/W1512190422","https://openalex.org/W1518402653","https://openalex.org/W1527181506","https://openalex.org/W1704793680","https://openalex.org/W1867816105","https://openalex.org/W1990817426","https://openalex.org/W2003158159","https://openalex.org/W2022503816","https://openalex.org/W2033199091","https://openalex.org/W2038857396","https://openalex.org/W2049771774","https://openalex.org/W2059049081","https://openalex.org/W2064039105","https://openalex.org/W2067473206","https://openalex.org/W2068063087","https://openalex.org/W2068724236","https://openalex.org/W2077286832","https://openalex.org/W2088937335","https://openalex.org/W2096586005","https://openalex.org/W2105938019","https://openalex.org/W2106770009","https://openalex.org/W2107895809","https://openalex.org/W2113158412","https://openalex.org/W2113214070","https://openalex.org/W2119002736","https://openalex.org/W2119290095","https://openalex.org/W2122410868","https://openalex.org/W2122530783","https://openalex.org/W2127295759","https://openalex.org/W2136035751","https://openalex.org/W2137307921","https://openalex.org/W2138196080","https://openalex.org/W2140205724","https://openalex.org/W2143674916","https://openalex.org/W2149804040","https://openalex.org/W2150526150","https://openalex.org/W2153039987","https://openalex.org/W2153797887","https://openalex.org/W2154555188","https://openalex.org/W2158071928","https://openalex.org/W2158383180","https://openalex.org/W2161439181","https://openalex.org/W2163446914","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2792296590","https://openalex.org/W2801213956","https://openalex.org/W2917583897","https://openalex.org/W3147210360","https://openalex.org/W4236799535","https://openalex.org/W4237166040","https://openalex.org/W6600894407","https://openalex.org/W6601208747","https://openalex.org/W6607706502","https://openalex.org/W6630826445","https://openalex.org/W6631660767","https://openalex.org/W6677923200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133743319","https://openalex.org/W4200085651","https://openalex.org/W2160587766","https://openalex.org/W2241212938","https://openalex.org/W1529294424","https://openalex.org/W2088023168","https://openalex.org/W4220747575","https://openalex.org/W2105458961","https://openalex.org/W2037059691","https://openalex.org/W1830945637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"goal":[1],"of":[2,11,24,30,36,43,54,65,93,107,130,137],"this":[3,48,58,81],"paper":[4,59,82],"is":[5,117],"to":[6],"propose":[7],"a":[8,21,31,41,78,110],"statistical":[9,100],"model":[10,106,133],"quantized":[12],"discrete":[13],"cosine":[14],"transform":[15],"(DCT)":[16],"coefficients.":[17],"It":[18],"relies":[19],"on":[20,103,122],"mathematical":[22],"framework":[23],"studying":[25],"the":[26,52,55,63,73,84,91,104,128,131,135,138],"image":[27],"processing":[28],"pipeline":[29],"typical":[32],"digital":[33],"camera":[34],"instead":[35],"fitting":[37],"empirical":[38],"data":[39,75],"with":[40],"variety":[42],"popular":[44],"models":[45],"proposed":[46,56,105,132,139],"in":[47,68],"paper.":[49],"To":[50],"highlight":[51],"accuracy":[53,129],"model,":[57],"exploits":[60],"it":[61],"for":[62,90,114],"detection":[64,76],"hidden":[66,74],"information":[67],"JPEG":[69],"images.":[70],"By":[71],"formulating":[72],"as":[77],"hypothesis":[79],"testing,":[80],"studies":[83],"most":[85],"powerful":[86],"likelihood":[87,112],"ratio":[88],"test":[89],"steganalysis":[92],"Jsteg":[94],"algorithm":[95],"and":[96,124,134],"establishes":[97],"theoretically":[98],"its":[99],"performance.":[101],"Based":[102],"DCT":[108],"coefficients,":[109],"maximum":[111],"estimator":[113],"embedding":[115],"rate":[116],"also":[118],"designed.":[119],"Numerical":[120],"results":[121],"simulated":[123],"real":[125],"images":[126],"emphasize":[127],"performance":[136],"test.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
