{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970728815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2303656","title":"Data-Driven Spatially-Adaptive Metric Adjustment for Visual Tracking","display_name":"Data-Driven Spatially-Adaptive Metric Adjustment for Visual Tracking","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970728815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2303656","mag":"1970728815","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2303656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2303656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008181744","display_name":"Nan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1712-1872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., HuaZhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., HuaZhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665053","display_name":"Wenyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-7488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., HuaZhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., HuaZhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84673852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"1556","last_page":"1568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6945916414260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6595413684844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6205308437347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5397049188613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.526370108127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.47156259417533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46320095658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4516458213329315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-space","display_name":"Metric space","score":0.4432600736618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.42915576696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.377693772315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14540496468544006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6945916414260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6595413684844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6205308437347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5397049188613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.526370108127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.47156259417533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46320095658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4516458213329315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198043062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180953","display_name":"Metric space","level":2,"score":0.4432600736618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.42915576696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.377693772315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14540496468544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2303656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2014.2303656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24569443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6547302324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W1514810895","https://openalex.org/W1733921475","https://openalex.org/W1992502250","https://openalex.org/W2016618780","https://openalex.org/W2017588182","https://openalex.org/W2037817226","https://openalex.org/W2044153604","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2060814785","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2086019073","https://openalex.org/W2098854771","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2116019182","https://openalex.org/W2116877472","https://openalex.org/W2117239879","https://openalex.org/W2118840614","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2140935196","https://openalex.org/W2154429285","https://openalex.org/W2159686856","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2165037244","https://openalex.org/W2167089254","https://openalex.org/W2169495281","https://openalex.org/W2170443772","https://openalex.org/W2595697910","https://openalex.org/W2596585349","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W4231340930","https://openalex.org/W6628773650","https://openalex.org/W6630699008","https://openalex.org/W6637540137","https://openalex.org/W6648359283","https://openalex.org/W6661548898","https://openalex.org/W6665839387","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6684274140","https://openalex.org/W7027956375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1955388589","https://openalex.org/W1482242411","https://openalex.org/W2274330372","https://openalex.org/W2801772698","https://openalex.org/W2031744515","https://openalex.org/W2594217106","https://openalex.org/W3136955865","https://openalex.org/W2013820100","https://openalex.org/W2396101943","https://openalex.org/W2165097269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Matching":[0],"visual":[1,17,32,75],"appearances":[2],"of":[3,31,43,125,137,158,202],"the":[4,24,29,56,83,86,118,123,126,135,138,144,149,167,198,203],"target":[5,87,185],"over":[6],"consecutive":[7],"video":[8],"frames":[9],"is":[10,174],"a":[11,95,106,130],"fundamental":[12],"yet":[13],"challenging":[14],"task":[15],"in":[16,73,117,129,207],"tracking.":[18],"Its":[19],"performance":[20],"largely":[21],"depends":[22],"on":[23],"distance":[25],"metric":[26,45,58,67,99,109,146,181],"that":[27,110,148],"determines":[28],"quality":[30],"matching.":[33],"Rather":[34],"than":[35],"using":[36,154],"fixed":[37],"and":[38,52,78,190,200],"predefined":[39],"metric,":[40],"recent":[41],"attempts":[42],"integrating":[44],"learning-based":[46],"trackers":[47],"have":[48,196],"shown":[49],"more":[50,61],"robust":[51,191],"promising":[53],"results,":[54],"as":[55,152],"learned":[57],"can":[59,161],"be":[60,162],"discriminative.":[62],"In":[63],"general,":[64],"these":[65],"global":[66],"adjustment":[68,100],"methods":[69],"are":[70],"computationally":[71],"demanding":[72],"real-time":[74],"tracking":[76,186,192,205,209],"tasks,":[77],"they":[79],"tend":[80],"to":[81,122,142,188],"underfit":[82],"data":[84,127,168],"when":[85],"exhibits":[88,111],"dynamic":[89],"appearance":[90],"variation.":[91],"This":[92],"paper":[93],"presents":[94],"nonparametric":[96],"data-driven":[97],"local":[98,131,169,180],"method.":[101],"The":[102],"proposed":[103,204],"method":[104,183,206],"finds":[105],"spatially":[107,175],"adaptive":[108],"different":[112,115],"properties":[113],"at":[114],"locations":[116],"feature":[119],"space,":[120],"due":[121],"differences":[124],"distribution":[128,170],"neighborhood.":[132],"It":[133],"minimizes":[134],"deviation":[136],"empirical":[139],"misclassification":[140],"probability":[141],"obtain":[143],"optimal":[145],"such":[147],"asymptotic":[150],"error":[151],"if":[153],"an":[155],"infinite":[156],"set":[157],"training":[159],"samples":[160],"approximated.":[163],"Moreover,":[164],"by":[165],"taking":[166],"into":[171,184],"consideration,":[172],"it":[173],"adaptive.":[176],"Integrating":[177],"this":[178],"new":[179],"learning":[182],"leads":[187],"efficient":[189],"performance.":[193],"Extensive":[194],"experiments":[195],"demonstrated":[197],"superiority":[199],"effectiveness":[201],"various":[208],"scenarios.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
