{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964859077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2293423","title":"Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation: A Highly Efficient Perceptual Image Quality Index","display_name":"Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation: A Highly Efficient Perceptual Image Quality Index","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964859077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2293423","mag":"1964859077","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26270911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2013.2293423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2293423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.3052","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027394528","display_name":"Wufeng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-0975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wufeng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","Inst. of Image Process. & Pattern Recognition, Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Image Process. & Pattern Recognition, Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433899","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2078-4215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","Dept. of Comput., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013663929","display_name":"Xuanqin Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-5260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanqin Mou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Xi'an, China","Inst. of Image Process. & Pattern Recognition, Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Image Process. & Pattern Recognition, Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075463806","display_name":"Alan C. Bovik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-710X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan C. Bovik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":75.4956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1648,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9995201,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"684","last_page":"695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.7256363034248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6937548518180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6534476280212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.6060782074928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5029706358909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46898800134658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4679611623287201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4525812864303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.45098409056663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.4300840198993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.39256104826927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.37758663296699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20337295532226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12035995721817017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.7256363034248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6937548518180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6534476280212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6060782074928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5029706358909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46898800134658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4679611623287201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4525812864303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.45098409056663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.4300840198993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39256104826927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.37758663296699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20337295532226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12035995721817017}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2013.2293423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2293423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26270911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26270911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1308.3052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.3052","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.3052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.639.6115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.639.6115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www4.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~cslzhang/IQA/GMSD/GMSD.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.646.5990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.646.5990","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://live.ece.utexas.edu/publications/2014/GMSD.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/9959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/9959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1308.3052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.3052","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.3052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527289589","https://openalex.org/W1580389772","https://openalex.org/W1581676061","https://openalex.org/W1969369024","https://openalex.org/W1972006393","https://openalex.org/W1973175507","https://openalex.org/W1973207880","https://openalex.org/W1973389910","https://openalex.org/W1985931349","https://openalex.org/W1986002354","https://openalex.org/W1992869494","https://openalex.org/W2005664438","https://openalex.org/W2037243393","https://openalex.org/W2039219750","https://openalex.org/W2044397366","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2060131032","https://openalex.org/W2074883210","https://openalex.org/W2079615115","https://openalex.org/W2085518012","https://openalex.org/W2088975380","https://openalex.org/W2091408824","https://openalex.org/W2103997799","https://openalex.org/W2106517536","https://openalex.org/W2114582993","https://openalex.org/W2117952021","https://openalex.org/W2118026048","https://openalex.org/W2121702780","https://openalex.org/W2122676258","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2142841657","https://openalex.org/W2142884912","https://openalex.org/W2149600487","https://openalex.org/W2150477292","https://openalex.org/W2166664382","https://openalex.org/W2169037956","https://openalex.org/W2171349048","https://openalex.org/W2186291271","https://openalex.org/W2253778276","https://openalex.org/W2324971623","https://openalex.org/W3182211633","https://openalex.org/W4211253871","https://openalex.org/W6701249984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W2152352598","https://openalex.org/W2998180244","https://openalex.org/W2186138725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,51,160],"an":[2],"important":[3,54],"task":[4],"to":[5,56,87,106],"faithfully":[6],"evaluate":[7],"the":[8,57,108,127,134,148],"perceptual":[9,153],"quality":[10,29,38,117,122],"of":[11,48,60,101,110,113,147,177],"output":[12],"images":[13,138],"in":[14,64,94],"many":[15],"applications,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"image":[19,21,28,83,88,97,121,154],"compression,":[20],"restoration,":[22],"and":[23,72,136,168],"multimedia":[24],"streaming.":[25],"A":[26],"good":[27],"assessment":[30],"(IQA)":[31],"model":[32],"should":[33],"not":[34],"only":[35],"deliver":[36],"high":[37],"prediction":[39,172],"accuracy,":[40],"but":[41],"also":[42],"be":[43,180],"computationally":[44],"efficient.":[45],"The":[46,82,156],"efficiency":[47],"IQA":[49,74,166],"metrics":[50],"becoming":[52],"particularly":[53],"due":[55],"increasing":[58],"proliferation":[59],"high-volume":[61],"visual":[62],"data":[63],"high-speed":[65],"networks.":[66],"We":[67,124],"present":[68],"a":[69,95,141],"new":[70],"effective":[71],"efficient":[73],"model,":[75],"called":[76],"gradient":[77,114,129],"magnitude":[78,130],"similarity":[79,131],"deviation":[80,146],"(GMSD).":[81],"gradients":[84],"are":[85],"sensitive":[86],"distortions,":[89],"while":[90],"different":[91,99],"local":[92,116],"structures":[93],"distorted":[96,137],"suffer":[98],"degrees":[100],"degradations.":[102],"This":[103],"motivates":[104],"us":[105],"explore":[107],"use":[109],"global":[111],"variation":[112],"based":[115],"map":[118],"for":[119],"overall":[120],"prediction.":[123],"find":[125],"that":[126],"pixel-wise":[128],"(GMS)":[132],"between":[133],"reference":[135],"combined":[139],"with":[140],"novel":[142],"pooling":[143],"strategy-the":[144],"standard":[145],"GMS":[149],"map-can":[150],"predict":[151],"accurately":[152],"quality.":[155],"resulting":[157],"GMSD":[158,178],"algorithm":[159],"much":[161],"faster":[162],"than":[163],"most":[164],"state-of-the-art":[165],"methods,":[167],"delivers":[169],"highly":[170],"competitive":[171],"accuracy.":[173],"MATLAB":[174],"source":[175],"code":[176],"can":[179],"downloaded":[181],"at":[182],"http://www4.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~cslzhang/IQA/GMSD/GMSD.htm.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":178},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":184},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":175},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":142},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":172},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
