{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073553514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2288578","title":"Measures of Effective Video Tracking","display_name":"Measures of Effective Video Tracking","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073553514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2288578","mag":"2073553514","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24235302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2013.2288578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2288578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046947641","display_name":"Tahir Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-8105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Intelligent Sensing, London, U.K","Centre for Intell. Sensing, Queen Mary Univ. of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Intelligent Sensing, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intell. Sensing, Queen Mary Univ. of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067244774","display_name":"Fabio Poiesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-1279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Poiesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Intelligent Sensing, London, U.K","Centre for Intell. Sensing, Queen Mary Univ. of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Intelligent Sensing, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intell. Sensing, Queen Mary Univ. of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004087827","display_name":"Andrea Cavallaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-7858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Cavallaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Intelligent Sensing, London, U.K","Centre for Intell. Sensing, Queen Mary Univ. of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Intelligent Sensing, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intell. Sensing, Queen Mary Univ. of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94449341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"376","last_page":"388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9383000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7935476899147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.6976746916770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6443151235580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.6292715072631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.49272778630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4752502143383026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.464969664812088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4599307179450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.44817060232162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4349159300327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3750399053096771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.17988380789756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-processing","display_name":"Video processing","score":0.17245885729789734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7935476899147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.6976746916770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6443151235580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.6292715072631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.49272778630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4752502143383026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.464969664812088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4599307179450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.44817060232162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4349159300327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3750399053096771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.17988380789756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65483669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536669","display_name":"Video processing","level":2,"score":0.17245885729789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2013.2288578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2288578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24235302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24235302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.641.6168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.641.6168","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/~andrea/papers/2014_TIP_MultiTargetTrackingEvaluation_Tahir_Poiesi_Cavallaro.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W410107069","https://openalex.org/W1485416717","https://openalex.org/W1534095531","https://openalex.org/W1550532657","https://openalex.org/W1552576688","https://openalex.org/W1557595030","https://openalex.org/W1952910563","https://openalex.org/W1977545325","https://openalex.org/W1980675325","https://openalex.org/W1987118352","https://openalex.org/W2001054718","https://openalex.org/W2002406878","https://openalex.org/W2008196728","https://openalex.org/W2016135469","https://openalex.org/W2020314295","https://openalex.org/W2035153336","https://openalex.org/W2048368220","https://openalex.org/W2061773916","https://openalex.org/W2066212558","https://openalex.org/W2071733997","https://openalex.org/W2096533418","https://openalex.org/W2100804244","https://openalex.org/W2101295974","https://openalex.org/W2109389234","https://openalex.org/W2112329933","https://openalex.org/W2126885789","https://openalex.org/W2141461755","https://openalex.org/W2141822239","https://openalex.org/W2148958980","https://openalex.org/W2149021215","https://openalex.org/W2150000644","https://openalex.org/W2150034553","https://openalex.org/W2155325587","https://openalex.org/W2159197181","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2546893505","https://openalex.org/W3040777582","https://openalex.org/W4235881750","https://openalex.org/W6629141386","https://openalex.org/W6632105679","https://openalex.org/W6633511732","https://openalex.org/W6640766037","https://openalex.org/W6659566489","https://openalex.org/W6675326312","https://openalex.org/W6729514353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914048681","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W1984282557","https://openalex.org/W3216131935","https://openalex.org/W2165595692","https://openalex.org/W4226079751","https://openalex.org/W2091177731","https://openalex.org/W2038768008","https://openalex.org/W4320086059","https://openalex.org/W4210734798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"evaluate":[1,75],"multitarget":[2,37,53],"video":[3,54],"tracking":[4,38,68],"results,":[5],"one":[6],"needs":[7],"to":[8,79,127],"quantify":[9,66],"the":[10,13,17,24,80,83,96,120,132],"accuracy":[11,62,69,72],"of":[12,26,28,82,95],"estimated":[14],"target-size":[15,59],"and":[16,63,74,105],"cardinality":[18,64],"error":[19],"as":[20,22],"well":[21],"measure":[23],"frequency":[25],"occurrence":[27],"ID":[29,76],"changes.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,46],"survey":[35],"existing":[36,103],"performance":[39],"scores":[40],"and,":[41],"after":[42],"discussing":[43],"their":[44,129],"limitations,":[45],"propose":[47],"three":[48],"parameter-independent":[49],"measures":[50,57,98,122],"for":[51],"evaluating":[52,107],"tracking.":[55],"The":[56,117],"consider":[58],"variations,":[60],"combine":[61],"errors,":[65],"long-term":[67],"at":[70],"different":[71],"levels,":[73],"changes":[77],"relative":[78],"duration":[81],"track":[84],"in":[85],"which":[86],"they":[87],"occur.":[88],"We":[89],"conduct":[90],"an":[91],"extensive":[92],"experimental":[93],"validation":[94],"proposed":[97,121],"by":[99,106,131],"comparing":[100],"them":[101],"with":[102],"ones":[104],"four":[108],"state-of-the-art":[109],"trackers":[110],"on":[111],"challenging":[112],"real-world":[113],"publicly-available":[114],"data":[115],"sets.":[116],"software":[118],"implementing":[119],"is":[123],"made":[124],"available":[125],"online":[126],"facilitate":[128],"use":[130],"research":[133],"community.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}