{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991127174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2281423","title":"Multiresolution Based Gaussian Mixture Model for Background Suppression","display_name":"Multiresolution Based Gaussian Mixture Model for Background Suppression","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991127174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2281423","mag":"1991127174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24043389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2013.2281423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2281423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024783660","display_name":"Dibyendu Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dibyendu Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731724","display_name":"Q. M. Jonathan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. M. Jonathan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674022","display_name":"Thanh Minh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-4437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Minh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024783660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96563816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"5022","last_page":"5035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.8607335090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7520328760147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiresolution-analysis","display_name":"Multiresolution analysis","score":0.6810511946678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6731893420219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5810056924819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5513649582862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5365711450576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4707123637199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.4158717691898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.19153639674186707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.8607335090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7520328760147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121927907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952516","display_name":"Multiresolution analysis","level":5,"score":0.6810511946678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6731893420219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5810056924819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5513649582862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5365711450576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4707123637199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.4158717691898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.19153639674186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2013.2281423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2013.2281423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24043389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24043389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W256228361","https://openalex.org/W1485280399","https://openalex.org/W1490092569","https://openalex.org/W1518500324","https://openalex.org/W1559871777","https://openalex.org/W1659565436","https://openalex.org/W1687797484","https://openalex.org/W1861745252","https://openalex.org/W1874745161","https://openalex.org/W1969066901","https://openalex.org/W1972192084","https://openalex.org/W1976566382","https://openalex.org/W1986138431","https://openalex.org/W2000668593","https://openalex.org/W2036177634","https://openalex.org/W2042422566","https://openalex.org/W2050156077","https://openalex.org/W2052524720","https://openalex.org/W2065853093","https://openalex.org/W2076349916","https://openalex.org/W2084885787","https://openalex.org/W2095317928","https://openalex.org/W2096989099","https://openalex.org/W2097512404","https://openalex.org/W2098305432","https://openalex.org/W2098762572","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2114701396","https://openalex.org/W2115415549","https://openalex.org/W2117853853","https://openalex.org/W2118143383","https://openalex.org/W2123084566","https://openalex.org/W2124425436","https://openalex.org/W2125201599","https://openalex.org/W2135146061","https://openalex.org/W2141822239","https://openalex.org/W2143373691","https://openalex.org/W2148290050","https://openalex.org/W2152001877","https://openalex.org/W2156530496","https://openalex.org/W2161932890","https://openalex.org/W2162200767","https://openalex.org/W2166978545","https://openalex.org/W2172207578","https://openalex.org/W2486631330","https://openalex.org/W2552040704","https://openalex.org/W4230881592","https://openalex.org/W6606616293","https://openalex.org/W6629111817","https://openalex.org/W6631123672","https://openalex.org/W6636971163","https://openalex.org/W6639303348","https://openalex.org/W6639338470","https://openalex.org/W6674745927","https://openalex.org/W6684142123","https://openalex.org/W6722702709","https://openalex.org/W6884942452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040760337","https://openalex.org/W2032074140","https://openalex.org/W4246648935","https://openalex.org/W2111953915","https://openalex.org/W1931213905","https://openalex.org/W1553824813","https://openalex.org/W2090879446","https://openalex.org/W1967111219","https://openalex.org/W2112294001","https://openalex.org/W1994451025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,88,110],"aims":[2,89],"toward":[3],"improving":[4],"background":[5,25,152],"suppression":[6],"from":[7],"video":[8,158],"frames":[9],"by":[10],"incorporating":[11],"multiresolution":[12,97,147,191],"features":[13,98],"in":[14,39,44,70,76,120,135,166],"Gaussian":[15],"mixture":[16],"model":[17],"(GMM).":[18],"GMM":[19,42,62,100,121,150,171],"has":[20],"proven":[21],"its":[22,29,124],"place":[23],"for":[24,151,194],"modeling":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,61,67,90,94,116,122,129,144,162],"better":[30],"applicability":[31],"and":[32,52,57,79,139,183],"robustness":[33],"compared":[34,168],"with":[35,99,169,181],"other":[36],"popular":[37],"methods":[38],"literature.":[40],"However,":[41],"fails":[43],"a":[45,92,113,141,175],"number":[46,132,176],"of":[47,72,84,108,133,177,190],"situations":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50,172,174],"noisy":[51],"non-stationary":[53],"background,":[54],"slow":[55],"foregrounds,":[56],"illumination":[58],"variation.":[59],"Extensions":[60],"have":[63],"also":[64],"been":[65],"proposed":[66],"increase":[68],"accuracy":[69,167],"expense":[71],"increased":[73],"complexity,":[74],"decrease":[75],"execution":[77],"speed,":[78],"reduced":[80],"applicability.":[81],"In":[82],"view":[83],"the":[85,104,136,164,188],"above,":[86],"this":[87,109],"provide":[91],"methodology":[93],"assimilate":[95],"useful":[96],"that":[101],"considerably":[102],"improves":[103],"performance.":[105],"The":[106],"contributions":[107],"are:":[111],"1)":[112],"novel":[114],"framework":[115],"incorporate":[117,130],"wavelet":[118],"subbands":[119],"improve":[123],"performance;":[125],"2)":[126],"an":[127],"approach":[128],"variable":[131],"clusters":[134],"aforesaid":[137],"framework;":[138],"3)":[140],"generic":[142],"platform":[143],"use":[145,189],"any":[146],"decomposition":[148],"based":[149],"suppression.":[153],"Extensive":[154],"experimentations":[155],"on":[156,187],"several":[157],"sequences":[159],"are":[160],"performed":[161],"verify":[163],"improvement":[165],"conventional":[170],"well":[173],"state-of-the-arts":[178],"approaches.":[179],"Along":[180],"qualitative":[182],"quantitative":[184],"analysis,":[185],"justification":[186],"is":[192],"provided":[193],"clarification.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}